制度约束和文化牵引及其与员工人性特征的关系

企业制度和文化是确保企业实现目标的两种手段。基于人性假设对制度与文化进行了区别,提出制度设计要基于人性的“X理论”假设,对员工的行为进行约束；而文化的功能是提高员工的贡献意愿,进而促使员工主动采取有利于企业目标实现的行为。     

Consumption and disposable income in the EU countries: the role of wealth effects

We investigate the long run relationship between private consumption and disposable income for a sample of EU countries using recently developed panel cointegration techniques. For the ordinary consumption-income model the evidence on cointegration is ambiguous. In addition, the cointegration vector obtained by efficient estimation methods is not consistent with theoretical reasoning, as it reflects a decline in the savings rate over time. Extending the analysis by financial wealth improves the model fit markedly. In particular, the income elasticity is not different from 1 and therefore in line with the life cycle permanent income hypothesis. The marginal propensity to consume out of financial wealth is in a range of 3–5%, thereby confirming recent time series results.     

环境应力筛选与产品可靠性

本文论述了环境应力筛选（ＥＳＳ）的原理及其对提高产品可靠性的作用，并简要介绍了美国三军ＥＳＳ规范和国家军标ＧＪＢ１０３２《电子产品环境应力筛选方法》及国外用于实施ＥＳＳ的设备情况。     

Similarities in the Consumption Patterns of the Five Asian Tigers

The five countries of Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan are considered to be the major Asian economic 'Tigers' behind Asia's growth in the late 1900s. In this paper, we analyze the consumption patterns of these five countries, using the most recent consumption data and employing the system-wide approach. We find that the consumption data from these five countries support a number of empirical regularities, including the 'law of demand' and 'Engel's law'. Based on the estimation results, we find that in all five countries, food, housing and medical care (except in Taiwan) are necessities, while clothing, durables (except in Singapore) and transport are luxuries. Demand for all the commodities is price inelastic. Furthermore, we find that the demand hypothesis, homogeneity, is acceptable for all five countries while Slutsky symmetry is acceptable only for Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan. We also find that the preference-independence hypothesis is acceptable for all countries except Japan. Overall, consumption patterns of consumers appear to be similar across the five countries, while some differences exist between Japan and the other four countries.     

Optimality and Natural Selection in Markets

We ask if natural selection in markets favors profit-maximizing firms and, if so, is there a difference between the predictions of models which assume all firms are profit maximizers and the predictions of models which explicitly take account of population dynamics in the market. We show that market selection favors profit maximizing firms, but we also show that the long-run behavior of evolutionary market models is nonetheless not consistent with equilibrium models based on the profit-maximization hypothesis. Dynamic equilibrium paths with market selection are not Pareto optimal, nor even asymptotically optimal. The discrepancy arises because the dynamics created by firm evolution causes prices to vary over time and the resulting dynamical system need not have stable steady states.     

The role of perceived acceptability of alternatives in identifying and assessing choice set processing strategies in stated choice settings: The case of road pricing reform

In designing choice experiments, it is common to present a number of alternatives to a respondent and have them choose the most preferred alternative. However, respondents may ignore one or more alternatives which they deem unacceptable for various reasons. This possibility aligns with the idea of the ‘consideration set’ which influences the choice of an alternative given the choice set of interest. This paper uses an endogenous choice set model to investigate the influence that contextual effects and socioeconomic characteristics play in explaining variations in the choice sets considered by respondents when they reveal their preferences.     

FDI对我国地区金融增长的非线性影响及其区域间差异

利用2001-2010年省级面板数据,分别考察外商直接投资对中国各区域金融增长的影响。研究结果发现：FDI对中国金融增长的影响是非线性的,且存在区域差异效应。根据中国区域经济和金融发展存在明显梯度差异的特性,提出了FDI对区域金融增长的倒“U”型假说。建议各地区根据本地区金融和经济发展程度差异的实际情况采取不同引资政策。     

大陆与香港金融新合作的中长期效应评析

2003年6月底中央政府与香港特别行政区政府签署了《内地与香港关于建立更加紧密经济关系的安排》后，两地在金融领域的合作不断加快。在目前已呈现出短期效应基础上，对可能产生的中长期效应要进行合理地预测。