政府间关系调整的一种新视野：从等级制模式到网络模式

等级制模式和网络模式是政府间关系的两种模式。信息技术的发展，人民民主意识的增强，社会主义市场经济体制的不断完善，这三个要素客观上要求我国政府间关系从等级制模式向网络模式转变。简化政府组织间的层级结构、中央向地方氍合理分权、加强地方政府间的横向合作和实行网络合作治理，是实现我国政府间关系从等级制模式向网络模式转变的路径依赖。     

The choice at the checkout: Quantifying demand across payment instruments

Dramatic changes have occurred in the U.S. payment system over the past two decades, most notably an explosion in electronic card-based payments. This shift has led to a series of policy debates driven in part by consumers' choice of payment instruments. Using a new nationally representative survey, we transform consumer responses to open-ended questions into product rankings and estimate a characteristics-based rank-order logit model in order to quantify consumer substitution among payment methods. Our estimates are then used to conduct supply-driven and demand-driven counterfactual experiments in order to estimate market share and cost effects. From a counterfactual experiment in which merchants stop accepting credit cards, we predict merchant costs to decline substantially. Because merchants accept credit cards nonetheless, we regard our finding as evidence either that the credit card networks hold market power, or that merchants experience unmeasured intangible benefits from credit card acceptance. We also predict that contactless debit will take market share from cash, checks, and credit, and that the age/cohort effect alone is unlikely to cause debit card use to increase substantially over a 10-year period.     

Two-stage rank estimation of quantile index models

This paper estimates a class of models which satisfy a monotonicity condition on the conditional quantile function of the response variable. This class includes as a special case the monotonic transformation model with the error term satisfying a conditional quantile restriction, thus allowing for very general forms of conditional heteroscedasticity. A two-stage approach is adopted to estimate the relevant parameters. In the first stage the conditional quantile function is estimated nonparametrically by the local polynomial estimator discussed in Chaudhuri (Journal of Multivariate Analysis 39 (1991a) 246–269; Annals of Statistics 19 (1991b) 760–777) and Cavanagh (1996, Preprint). In the second stage, the monotonicity of the quantile function is exploited to estimate the parameters of interest by maximizing a rank-based objective function. The proposed estimator is shown to have desirable asymptotic properties and can then also be used for dimensionality reduction or to estimate the unknown structural function in the context of a transformation model.     

A comparison of the spatial distribution of innovative activities in China and the U.S.

In order to enhance the independent innovation capability and help China to become an “innovation-oriented country” this article compares the spatial distribution of innovative activities between China (representing a typical developing country) and the United States. We also provide some recommendations for China and other developing countries to optimize the spatial distribution of their innovative activities. Using invention patents as an indicator gathered from the websites of the CSIPO and the USPTO, this paper compares the spatial distribution of innovative activity in China and the U.S. by methods such as rank-frequency, concentration and classification. The results show that the invention patents have experienced rapid growth and significant fluctuation in recent years in China, while the United States has been relatively stable. The spatial diversity of patent distribution in China is more obvious than in the United States. There is a concentrated trend of innovative activities in both China and the United States from the inland areas to the coastal regions.     

“退出企业”也有金矿

退出企业不等于淘汰企业,存有大量的“金矿”需要挖掘,如品牌、人才、网络等。关键在于如何认识和发现。     

An integrated performance evaluation approach for the Indian international airports

This paper deals with the applications of best worst method (BWM) and multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method to assess the performance of 32 major Indian international airports based on eight evaluation criteria. The BWM is applied to derive the criteria weights based on the opinions of four decision makers, while MABAC method is employed to rank the considered airports from the best to the worst along with the identification of their relative strengths and weaknesses. The advantages of these methodologies are also enumerated. It is observed that annual revenue is the most important evaluation criterion, followed by the total number of passengers. Based on this integrated analysis, Indira Gandhi International Airport and Surat International Airport respectively emerge out as the best and the worst performing international airports in India.     

行初等变换与向量间线性关系

本文提出,只对矩阵的行施行初等变换,就可求出矩阵列向量组的秩,极大线性无关部分组及列向量间线性关系式。与一般方法相比,这种解法简便,容易掌握。     

A game-theoretic model of coalition formation among primates

This paper models the coalition formation process among primates as a sequential game. The population consists of individuals having distinct social ranks which is determined by the individual’s resource holding potential. Each member of the population is interested in gaining access to a food resource, either individually or via a coalition. At any given stage of the game, a player can either propose a specific coalition or he can be proposed to in order to join one. Hence, the strategy of a player consists of a sequence of decisions regarding who to propose to for the formation of a coalition and which proposals to accept or reject. We derive the preferences of the players over the various coalition structures under the assumption that the probability of a coalition to obtain the resource is given by a logistic distribution as a function of relative strengths of the players. We show that, given the primates’ strategic behavior, a variety of different coalition structures can emerge in equilibrium.      

开发区发展对我国城市位序结构的影响分析

以52个国家级经济技术开发区和53个国家级高新技术产业开发区作为研究对象,就开发区发展对我国城市体系经济和空间位序结构的影响进行了分析,并通过二维结构分类表,从城市、开发区影响下及二者综合作用三方面分析讨论了开发区对我国城市经济与空间位序结构影响方式的差异,最后还就开发区对中国城市体系位序结构变化的影响进行了聚类分析.     

一类特殊矩阵的性质

本文构造出了一类特殊的矩阵，给出了这一类矩阵的三条重要性质，做了巧妙而又简明扼要的证明，指出了它在无输入额定智能网络的稳定性研究以及在HOPF分歧理论中的应用．