The Value of the Rent Control Option

In this paper, we combine direct arbitrage arguments and an option-pricing approach to develop a method of pricing the option for rent control. For a lump-sum payment of key money, a tenant acquires the right to rent a real estate unit for an exogenously determined controlled rent, as opposed to paying the free-market rent. The tenant may continue exercising this right as long as he or she lives. Alternatively, the tenant may sell the right to occupy the controlled rent unit and receive a fraction of the key money paid by the subsequent tenant. We value the equilibrium key money, in a representative agents partial equilibrium, while endogenously determining the expected tenure duration in a controlled rent unit. We propose a procedure for valuing rent control options different from the representative agents. Our analysis shows that under real-world levels of conditional life expectancy, the level of the fraction of the key money retained by a departing tenant has an insignificant effect on the expected tenure duration in a controlled rent unit and on the level of key money.     

Pricing of mall services in the presence of sales leakage

For a shopping mall, sales leakage occurs when consumer purchases facilitated by the mall are finalized outside it. These sales include, for example, catalog orders filled at the leased premises in a physical mall; For an Internet mall, they include the ones consumers make on an on-line store’s website after learning about the store from an Internet mall website. While these sales are difficult to track in the physical mall, Internet malls like Yahoo can track them by placing cookies on consumers when they visit the mall. The challenge for a mall owner then is to design an appropriate pricing model which takes sales leakage into account. In fact, Yahoo currently uses an All-Revenue-Share Fee with Yahoo collecting from on-line stores a share of all sales revenue, regardless of whether the purchase was made through the mall or directly from the store’s own URL. We explore this new All-Revenue-Share Fee model, compare it with the commonly used Fixed Fee model and the two-part tariff model, and identify the model with the highest profits for the mall under different conditions. We suggest that although an All-Revenue-Share Fee is appealing for Internet malls due to its ability to capture sales leakage directly, it may cause the stores to refrain from joining the mall in certain circumstances. Thus, in certain situations charging a fixed monthly fee can actually be more profitable for the mall versus the All-Revenue-Share Fee model. We also examine how mall and product category characteristics as well as market expansion affect the optimal pricing strategy. We show that a mall should price discriminate across product categories, not just by charging different amounts of fees, but by using different pricing models. Our research provides many managerial implications on how to price over time.     

Housing Vouchers,Tenant Quality,and Apartment Values

Landlords face unique concerns in maximizing profits when they accept subsidized as well as unsubsidized tenants. Subsidized tenants come with lower rental collection risk because part or all of the rent is paid by a public agency and accepting subsidized tenants may widen the potential tenant market. But subsidized tenants tend to reduce overall tenant quality and to impose higher operating costs. By accepting subsidies, landlords may also subject themselves to periodic site inspections that may increase capital costs. Further, subsidized tenants may eventually crowd out unsubsidized tenants, lowering the average quality of the resident mix. Tests from Washington, DC apartments on accepting and advertising for Section 8 tenants support these qualitative predictions. Accepting Section 8 tenants enhances revenues, but advertising for them lowers revenues. More aggressive solicitation of subsidized tenants leads to a crowding out or displacement risk that dominates over any diminished collection risk.     

“城中村”改造必须遵循的两个基本原则

"城中村"是我国城市化过程中的一个普遍现象,目前,我国各级政府在建设文明城市、生态城市过程中,正在对此大力加以治理改造。我们认为,在改造过程中,一是必须紧紧抓住马克思主义级差地租理论的指导原则,既能体现保护群众利益,又能体现使"城中村"改造有理有据;二是必须紧紧抓住科学发展观的指导原则,既能做到统筹兼顾,又能充分体现以人为本。     

论我国资源替代技术工业化路线的政策选择

我国正处在资源替代技术工业化路线的关键时期,正确的国内外资源方针政策是确保获得充分的资源投入,促进我国工业持续发展的日益重要因素。全球资源竞争加速了资源所有者的重组及国家垄断步伐,并凸显了资源及其相关政策、制度的重要意义。因此,如何以正确的资源替代技术工业化产业政策,引导我国工业顺利过渡到低资源消耗意义重大。     

竹材栽培的经济研究

在江西实地调查和对历史资料分析的基础上 ,对土地用于竹材栽培的经济潜力指标和就业贡献指标进行分析 ,并与木材栽培进行比较 ,为进一步研究竹木栽培竞争关系提供依据。     

地理禀赋、土地用途与挂牌-拍卖出让策略——基于2007—2017年土地出让数据的研究

在2006年土地出让的市场化改革后，挂牌和拍卖出让开始占据绝对主导地位，尤其是挂牌替代协议成为城市政府最受欢迎的出让方式。针对该情形，文章利用从中国土地市场网获取的2007-2017年间城市建设用地的出让数据，首次比较系统地考察了城市政府不同用途土地的挂牌-拍卖出让策略及其相互关系。研究发现：一个城市距离港口越远，则城市政府越倾向于以挂牌方式出让工业用地和以拍卖方式出让商住用地，尤其是其中的住宅用地；随着财政和增长压力增大，那些地理禀赋差的城市政府会进一步提高工业用地挂牌出让的力度和商住用地，尤其是住宅用地拍卖出让的力度；如果地理禀赋差的城市政府更多地以拍卖方式出让住宅用地，则其会更积极地以挂牌方式出让工业和商服用地。这些实证结果表明，地方政府会根据自身禀赋条件而对不同用途土地采取不同的挂牌-拍卖出让策略。     

The Macroeconomic Consequences of Reciprocity in Labor Relations*

We develop and analyze a structural model of efficiency wages founded on reciprocity. Workers are assumed to face an explicit trade‐off between the disutility of providing effort and the psychological benefit of reciprocating the gift of a wage offer above some reference level. The model provides a rationale for rent sharing—a feature that is very much present in the data but absent from previous formulations of the efficiency wage hypothesis. This firm‐internal perspective on efficiency wages has potentially important macroeconomic consequences: rent‐sharing considerations promote wage rigidity, internal amplification and differential responses to technology and demand shocks.     

谨慎实施住房抵押贷款证券化

尽管推行住房抵押贷款证券化有助于拓展房地产金融业务，促进房地产市场发展，但我国实施这一举措的基础环境尚待改善，因此，有必要审慎，渐进地推行住房抵押贷款证券化，切忌操之过急。与此同时，应切实，有效地推行有助于个人住房贷款发展的政策措施，培育个人信用制度，建立和健全相关法规体系，为实行住房抵押贷款证券化奠定坚实基础。     

资本市场监管与资本市场寻租行为分析

租金不仅存在于私人物品市场和要素市场,而且也存在于资本市场。哪里有垄断、特权和管制,哪里就存在租金。租金的存在,导致寻租活动的存在。寻租的目的是为了保护现有的租金或通过这些垄断和特权来创造租金。本文系统地论述了我国资本市场寻租的表现形式以及造成的不良社会后