中国农村土地制度变迁:一个产权的视角

农地制度历来是中国农村变革的关键,其要义在于产权。本文从产权角度对建国后中国农地制度变迁作了简要分析。作者认为,产权的界定与实施决定着产权的经济绩效。土地改革以来各种农地制度创新形式的不同经济绩效都与产权清晰程度和实施机制有关。     

国有产权转让中的机制设计--基于企业职工的合约选择

在国有产权转让过程中,关键是要克服国有产权本身所具有的不利于进行市场交易的特性,使其交易更符合市场原则。市场本身就是由一个个的合约所构成,是否选择签约及合约的方式是由每个参与者自己作出的。因此,国有产权转让的机制设计就是要尽量使相关的利益主体有权作出对自己有利的合约选择,并对自己的行为负责。     

从国营到国有——国家股转让效果分析

本文系统地研究了从1997年到2000年在上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所发生的国有资产局将控制权转让给国有独资企业和国有法人企业的案例数据。研究发现国家股控制权转让后公司业绩有了明显的改善,同时证券市场对国家股转让行为做出了积极的反应,产生了明显的超额收益。     

改革地方公共管理的权利路径:巴西的经验

巴西的“公共管理与公民权”项目于1996年建立,其目的是发现和宣传由巴西次国家级政府在服务供给上的创新行为。这些创新时巴西的公民权建设产生了直接的影响。本文根据巴西的经验初步分析了从“权利”的路向改革公共管理,扩大其他机构和公民社会参与的可能性。     

西部大开发中的产权制度建设

西部发展缓慢的根本原因在于产权制度的落后。西部大开发的本质是以产权制度建设为核心的制度大变革。在这场变革中 ,应建立以现代农地产权制度为基础 ,现代工业产权制度为中心 ,现代知识产权制度为先导 ,现代教育产权制度为龙头的产权制度体系 ,从而推动西部实现跳跃式发展。     

困境与出路:纳税人权利救济体系的完善

当前,我国税收征管实践中税务争议数量增多且日益复杂化,纳税人权利救济成为保障税务部门公正执法的重要路径。然而,我国纳税人权利救济体系仍存在诸多问题,导致纳税人行政复议权和行政诉讼权保障不充分。基于此,本文从三个视角进行了分析:一是提出"清税前置"和"复议前置"规则下纳税人权利救济体系的维权阻碍及其成本,并基于"当事人主义"提出改革路径;二是基于审查范围和审查力度提出纳税人权利救济体系低效及其修正的逻辑机制;三是从审理机构设置与案件事实查明的难易程度等视角分析纳税人权利救济裁判结果的质量与公信力。     

The Underpricing and Excess Returns of Initial Public Offerings in Taiwan Based on Noisy Trading: A Stochastic Frontier Model

Initial public offerings (IPOs) are typically offered at prices lower than the transaction price in the early aftermarket. With a stochastic frontier model, we measured the fair offer price of an IPO and then the deliberate IPO underpricing and the market misvaluation based on the estimated fair offer price. Our results show that IPOs are deliberately underpriced. The extent of noisy trading leading to significantly higher market transaction prices explains the excess IPO returns. We conclude that initial IPO returns result primarily from the noisy trading activities instead of the deliberate IPO underpricing.     

Return and risk in initial public offerings of both shares and warrants

In the past few years there has been an increasing number of new issues of shares of common stock together with warrants intended to raise interest in initial public offerings of relatively young, growing firms. In this study we examine the pricing efficiency of stocks and warrants offered simultaneously to the public as a single unit. We present a model for evaluating the warrants in such offerings and test it empirically against data from the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange, where such offerings have become standard. We find that the issued units are usually undervalued, allowing for significant abnormal positive returns. But, while the warrants are usually underpriced, the stocks are overpriced. Largely consistent with the evidence from other financial markets around the world, we also find abnormal negative rates of return in the long run.     

IPO anomalies and innovation capital

Innovation capital are typically expensed and/or unrecognized as assets under current generally accepted accounting principles. This results in accounting-related information asymmetry. This paper examines the association of innovation capital (as measured here by the proxies of R&D expenditures and granted patents) and initial public offerings (IPO) anomalies. These anomalies include initial IPO underpricing, duration of honeymoon (a distinct feature of the Taiwanese IPO environment), and long-term performance. The theoretical model underlying this research is a signaling model. The results indicate that more innovative firms are more likely to be underpriced, and have longer honeymoon periods than less innovative firms. Further, the more innovative firms have positive and growing long-term market-adjusted returns. This stands in contrast to the declining long-term stock performance of initial public offering firms that is evidenced in the literature. We conclude that pre-IPO research and development expenditures disclosed in the IPO prospectus, official monthly reports of newly developed patents released to the public, and the frequency of patent citations significantly signal both underpricing and future market performance of IPO firms in Taiwan.     

知识操纵行为意向影响因素研究

知识（尤其是隐性知识）是员工生存和发展的关键资源，知识权利的不完全性决定了知识交换中不可避免地存在欺骗、偷盗、投机等失范行为。在协同创新过程中，知识型员工既相互合作又彼此竞争。除采取知识共享和知识隐藏两种策略外，员工通常会选择折中的、柔性知识操纵策略管理个体知识。由此，界定知识操纵内涵，剖析其自利性、欺骗性、不确定性和隐蔽性4个特点。在此基础上，选择扎根理论方法，通过对68名知识型员工访谈数据进行编码，构建由本体、主体、客体、载体、动机、环境、契合7个主范畴组成的知识操纵影响因素概念模型。最后，围绕知识操纵治理，提出优化创新任务属性、发挥知识操纵对象能动作用、选择高效知识管理载体、培养员工利他特质、营造协同创新环境、提高员工契合度等启示。