Consumer perceptions of best practice in food risk communication and management: Implications for risk analysis policy

As a consequence of recent food safety incidents, consumer trust in European food safety management has diminished. A risk governance framework that formally institutes stakeholder (including consumer) consultation and dialogue through a transparent and accountable process has been proposed, with due emphasis on risk communication. This paper delivers actionable policy recommendations based on consumer preferences for different approaches to food risk management. These results suggest that risk communication should be informed by knowledge of consumer risk perceptions and information needs, including individual differences in consumer preferences and requirements, and differences in these relating to socio-historical context associated with regulation. In addition, information about what is being done to identify, prevent and manage food risks needs to be communicated to consumers, together with consistent messages regarding preventative programs, enforcement systems, and scientific uncertainty and variability associated with risk assessments. Cross-cultural differences in consumer perception and information preferences suggest a national or regional strategy for food risk communication may be more effective than one applied at a pan-European level.     

Risk assessment in the international food safety policy arena. Can the multilateral institutions encourage unbiased outcomes?

Two institutions provide multilateral venues for countries to discuss food safety measures at the international level: the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) and the World Trade Organization. Both institutions encourage their Members to base food safety standards on scientific evidence.     

发展我国信用衍生品市场有待解决的几个问题

《银行间市场信用风险缓释工具试点业务指引》的发布,标志着中国版的信用违约互换——信用风险缓释工具试点业务的正式启动,彰显我国坚持金融创新和继续发展资本市场的决心。下一步,需通过创造良好的监管环境、引导市场参与者正确认识信用衍生品、建立和完善社会信用机制、促进市场参与者多样化等途径,推进我国信用衍生品市场的健康有序发展。     

上市公司使用金融衍生品避险动机的实证研究——来自金融保险业的经验证据

以我国2006—2008年金融、保险板块上市公司为研究样本,对我国上市公司使用金融衍生品的避险动机,运用Logstic归进行了研究。结果发现,只有公司规模与金融衍生品需求正相关。表明了我国金融衍生产品市场还处于发展初期,使用金融衍生品的公司参与避险的数量不多,资产规模小的金融机构风险管理经验尤为缺乏。     

银行与银行博弈结构下的国家助学贷款风险探析

当前,国家助学贷款违约率高以致银行风险大——银行惜贷严重已不容忽视。全面认识国家助学贷款政策实施中存在的风险,保障国家助学贷款政策的可持续性发展,成了我们迫切需要解决的问题。本文试图用博弈论来研究我国助学贷款：即从我国国家助学贷款中较易忽视的银行与银行这对主体间利益博弈所存在的风险成因入手探讨,得出现行国家助学贷款要走出困境需采取的一系列对策。     

环境灾害冲击对银行违约率的影响效应研究:理论与实证分析

本文通过模型模拟和基于中国数据的实证检验,分析了环境灾害损失冲击对于银行违约率的影响。本文模型模拟的结果显示,环境灾害冲击会显著提升银行体系的违约率水平,同时伴随着企业融资溢价水平的提升以及整个经济活动的萎缩;实证研究发现:环境灾害损失冲击会导致银行违约率水平显著提升。且与理论分析一致,本文实证发现宏观经济不确定性水平、企业的资本折损以及全要素生产率的下降在环境灾害影响银行违约率的过程中发挥了显著的传导作用。进一步研究发现,环境灾害冲击及其导致的银行违约率上升还会降低银行的风险偏好水平,降低放贷规模和主动风险承担,并反作用于实体企业,提升企业的融资约束和成本。本文的研究结论丰富了基于中国视角的环境物理风险研究,刻画了环境灾害损失对于银行风险的影响及其后续效应,为政策部门防范气候环境风险提供了借鉴。     

基于商业银行内部数据的KMV模型实证研究

本文借助KMV模型框架,对商业银行拥有的大量公司财务报表数据运用统计方法进行模型参数估计,计算得到了非上市公司的违约距离和经验函数,实现了违约概率的模型估计。实证表明,我国公司在违约距离或违约数量上的真实概率分布均呈现显著的T分布和肥尾特性;违约距离具有较高的风险区分能力;由会计信息进行参数估计的模型导出的具有较高的风险标志精度;进而表明基于会计报表数据的违约风险模型和基于资本市场数据的模型在实证上的有效性非常近似。     

我国银行间市场信用风险管理研究

现代组合管理理论在金融领域里的重要发展是收集、处理、解释数据能力的增强。随着商业银行业务发展和世界各国金融监管的演进,商业银行已经或正在开发信用风险评估模型和系统,并在信贷、交易等业务领域的不断验证中加以修正,为商业银行的业务发展和风险控制发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文归纳总结了信用评估机构在银行信用风险计量方面的相关理论依据和基本做法,并对银行间市场完善信用评估提出了具体建议。     

Narratives in managers’ corporate finance decisions

This article uses the extended case method to explore senior executives’ corporate finance decisions. We quantified firm’s finance practices using a mail survey, and then – to resolve puzzles in managers’ decision processes – conducted face‐to‐face interviews with chief finance officers of large listed firms. The interviews identified six themes as consistent influences on finance decisions: pressures imposed by clienteles; constraints on resources; risk management; heuristics; real options; and sustainability. We conclude that managers are logical and rational in their decisions, but employ a wider range of criteria than assumed in conventional finance theories.     

Financial Forecasting,Risk and Valuation: Accounting for the Future

Valuation involves forecasting payoffs and discounting expected payoffs for risk. Forecasting is often seen as the province of the statistician, risk determination the province of asset pricing. This paper elaborates on the idea that financial forecasting, risk determination and valuation are a matter of accounting. Accounting not only provides information to forecast payoffs but also specifies the payoffs to be forecasted. Further, accounting determines the transition from the present to the future and thus implicitly the evolutionary parameters that a statistician might estimate for forecasting. Accounting also bears on risk determination in the way it handles uncertainty. Accordingly, accounting is involved in both the numerator and the denominator of a valuation model. Indeed, a valuation model is a model of accounting for the future, and the effectiveness of a valuation model rides on the accounting principles employed.