我国城乡社区组织发展与“村改居”社区组织建设

广义的社区组织,是指在社区地域内面向社区居民开展工作满足社区及其居民需要的各种组织的统称;而狭义的社区组织,则是指由社区及其居民组建并吸纳社区成员参与的以满足居民社会性需要和社区公共利益为目标的各种社会组织。狭义的社区组织在属性上更贴近作为非政府、非营利的社会组织的＂社会性＂本义。新中国成立以来,我国城乡社区组织经历了一个演变和发展的过程。随着城镇化进程的加快,＂村改居＂社区在我国大批涌现。尽管＂村改居＂社区不是一种独立的社区类型,但是,＂村改居＂社区又具自身的特征,＂村改居＂社区建设也是决策层、基层工作者必须直面的现实问题。＂村改居＂社区组织建设既要考虑在城乡二元分割体制尚未完全打破条件下农村基层组织形态向城市基层组织形态转变过程的历史连续性,又要立足于城市化和城乡一体化发展的高度进行前瞻性的设计。     

新形势下农村家庭教育型人力资本投资研究

新形势下农村家庭教育投资出现了新的变化,作为家庭的一项重要投资决策,会受到收入能力及投资风险的影响,为增强农村家庭教育投资能力,必须加大“三农”支持力度达到“增收”目的,完善农村信息环境、提升大学生就业创业能力起到“控险”效果以及完善贷款资助体系发挥“减压”作用。     

嵌套博弈下的政府单边治理——对我国农村公共物品低效率供给的分析

农村公共物品的供给博弈不是孤立的,而是嵌套在其它博弈之中。农村基层现有的权力约束关系和由此而来的自上而下的供给决策体系,使参与人的策略受上级政府偏好的约束。参与人的决策不仅受公共物品供给博弈本身的影响,更受它所嵌入的行政权力关系的影响,这种嵌套形成了实质上的政府单边治理机制,这是导致农村公共物品供给效率不足的主因。     

试论农村的突发事件与危机管理体系构建

农村突发事件的频繁发生,严重干扰农村和谐社会的构建和社会主义新农村建设,如果得不到及时、妥善的处置,就有可能形成危机。通过我国农村突发事件的现状和原因的分析,对构建农村危机管理体系进行深入的探讨,并提出具体的应对措施。     

Land use dynamics driven by rural industrialization and land finance in the peri-urban areas of China: “The examples of Jiangyin and Shunde”

As China experienced rapid economic growth, non-agricultural land, particularly industrial land, expanded significantly within its peri-urban areas. This paper takes two typical peri-urban areas: Jiangyin in the Yangtze River Delta and Shunde in the Pearl River Delta, as cases, and applies landscape ecology indices to analyze land use dynamics through overlay of their land use maps from 2001 to 2010. This research reveals that local cadres such as township governments and village collectives utilize land finance as a strategy to contest the reshuffling of central-local power brought about by the 1994 tax-sharing scheme. Meanwhile, under the stringent land quota system, local cadres allocated most quotas to the industrial sector in order to encourage economic growth. However, the fragmented governance regime, including county/city, township to administrative village and natural village, led to land fragmentation, which had adverse impacts on sustainable development. In general, the research on land use of peri-urban areas requires a comprehensive perspective of social, economic and institutional aspects.     

New uses for old traditional farm buildings: The case of the underground wine cellars in Spain

Traditional buildings are important features of the rural landscape and a valuable documental source about rural technology and ways of life in the countryside. For the last 60 years many traditional farm buildings have lost their original function because of the great changes in the European agricultural sector. Their respectful conversion to adopt new activities provides economic, socio-cultural and landscape benefits for promoters and the whole rural community. Traditional wine caves used for the production and storage of wine are particular good examples of redundant rural buildings needing for viable new uses. The aims of this paper are to present the architectural features of these agro-industrial spaces and to discuss suitable new uses for them. The technical, socioeconomic and legal contexts of the reuse are also examined in the paper. The use of traditional wine cellars in the production of high-quality artisanal wines, cheeses and cured meats, for cultural activities, as restaurants, or in the production of mushrooms, among others, are viable reuse proposals according to the current needs in the Mediterranean rural areas. Nevertheless, special care must be taken when restoring these spaces in order to respect the identity and the aesthetic appeal of the ancient cellars and not to come into conflict with the planning and building regulations.     

论农地开发整理中的权属管理

土地开发整理中的权属管理，对巩固土地开发整理成果、提高土地利用效益、避免土地产权纠纷有重要作用和意义。本文从土地开发整理权属管理的基本内容、方式和程序等方面论述了我国农村土地开发整理中的权属管理问题。     

农村信用社改革与制度变迁评析

农村信用社改革与制度变迁在我国农村金融发展中占据了重要地位，但是历时多年的改革并未从根本上形成能够满足农村金融需求的农村金融供给机制。那么。农村信用社改革与制度变迁走过了一条怎样的轨迹？为什么多年来针对农村信用社的改革与制度变迁并未解决农村金融发展的根本问题？如何促进农村信用社进一步的改革与制度的变迁？本文围绕这些问题展开研究，梳理农村信用社多年改革与制度变迁的轨迹，总结其改革与制度变迁的特征并分析其中的问题，最后就农村信用社进一步改革与制度变迁提出一定的思考。     

关于城乡关系与新农村建设的理论思考

新农村建设是党和国家在新的历史时期调整城乡关系的重大战略举措。它不仅有利于增加农民收入、改善城乡收入分配格局、振兴农村经济，而且有利于推动城市化，彻底解决困扰我国经济现代化进程的“三农”问题。新农村建设的本质是解决由于城乡经济发展失衡导致的结构性矛盾，促进我国国民经济的长期健康、稳定发展。新农村建设不是“逆城市化”或“反城市化”，而是从中国的国情出发，加快我国由二元经济向一元经济转化的必经之路。新农村建设要围绕理顺城乡关系，加快城乡融合这条主线，在经济市场化的大背景下，要重点提高广大农民参与市场经济的能力。     

Why is the issue of land ownership still of major concern in East Central European (ECE) transitional countries and particularly in Hungary?

In recent negotiations related to agriculture in connection with EU accession, the candidate countries asked for and received a period of 7–12 years exemption from EU rules with respect to the free movement of capital for the purpose of purchasing agricultural land. This means that, with some exceptions, foreigners will be prevented from buying land in most new member countries for a transitional period. The negotiating governments of the prospective new Member States claimed that a transitional period would be necessary because land prices are much lower in their countries than in the 15 EU ‘old’ countries. They claimed that without such an exemption, land in their countries would be bought cheaply by people of the ‘old’ EU countries, thus causing land scarcity for domestic farmers. However, statistical data do not support fears about land scarcity at present or in the future. The reasons for ‘keeping away’ foreigners from ‘national land’ are ideological rather than economic. Land continues to play a crucial role in rural-nationalist ideology, which has survived even after the disappearance of its bases, i.e. rural over-population and genuine land scarcity.