中小企业财务管理面临的困境及改善措施

中小企业在我国经济发展中具有极为重要的地位和作用,但在财务管理方面存在诸多问题。针对这些问题,可以从宏观经济环境和企业自身两方面采取措施,切实结合中小企业的实际情况,努力改善中小企业的财务管理现状,使中小企业走上健康持续发展的道路。     

乡村旅游与民族传统文化传承——贵州雷山县郎德上寨、三都县姑引村案例比较分析

本文通过对贵州省雷山县郎德上寨,以及三都水族自治县中和镇民族传统文化传承机制的考察,分析了民族传统文化与乡村旅游发展之间的内在联系,并对二者的协调发展提出了一些建议。     

Finance theory: A house without windows

In this paper we aim to build on the existing critical finance literature by exploring how finance theory maintains both its momentum and hegemony. More specifically, by using an example at the core of finance theory (namely, portfolio asset allocation) we illustrate how finance keeps itself artificially alive by taking data from the outside world, often ignoring the rich complexities of the context which has given rise to the data, and using these ‘new facts’ to create puzzles which then lead onto more activity to see how the accepted core can or cannot be extended to incorporate the ‘new facts’. Against this process the paper then shows how the more obvious approach of engaging with the various participants can lead to greater insight and understanding. Given this approach, facts are not just anomalies which need to be explained away but part of the environment which help us to understand the various activities of individuals and organisations. The paper concludes by outlining a research agenda which develops a number of streams of research in critical finance and needs to be addressed in an open manner if traditional finance is to move from being closed and increasingly moribund to a subject which captures the vibrancy and dynamism of financial activities/markets across the globe.     

Institutions for Financial Development: What are they and where do they come from?

Abstract.  Among the fundamental causes of long-run economic performance, differences in 'institutions' have received considerable attention in recent years. At the same time, a large body of theoretical and empirical work shows that financial development can have a big effect on economic performance. This raises the more fundamental question as to why some countries have developed financial markets while others do not. This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical research on this issue and shows that one of the channels whereby better institutions may have an effect on economic development is through the consolidation of larger and better financial markets. An issue that is left aside in this paper relates to what regulations and policies lead to better functioning capital markets. At some level, one can think of regulations and policies as particular types of institutions. Nonetheless, institutional problems are deeper causes leading to poor economic performance; bad policies might simply be part of the channels through which they influence performance. Thus, addressing the question of what determines the emergence of 'good' institutions – i.e. institutions that promote financial development – seems particularly important. Recent research providing some answers to this question is also reviewed.     

政策性金融与开发性金融之辨析及其转型定位研究

政策性金融和开发性金融是本质上截然不同的两个逻辑概念,前者既不是后者的一个初级阶段,后者也不是前者的一个组成部分;政策性金融也必须讲求财务效益,实现非主动竞争性盈利。策性金融理论是发展中的科学理论。我国政策性银行改革的方向,应该是政策性业务与非主动竞争性盈利的有机统一。政策性银行的定位,应该是包括其性质定位和职能定位的有机统一。     

The Private Finance Initiative: risk, uncertainty and the state

This paper analyses the UK's Private Finance Initiative (PFI) at a conceptual level by focusing on the management of risk, which is central to the justification for the policy and its application across the public services, and uncertainty, which underlies the role of the state. The paper argues that the rhetorical support for PFI rests on a conflation of risk and uncertainty and that PFI leads to contractual arrangements that are inappropriate for the provision of public services over the medium term.     

Economic determinants of consumer sentiment

A few objective variables explain most fluctuations in the Index of Consumer Sentiment. These relationships reveal sources of consumer satisfaction and can test hypotheses from psychological economics. The study questions the practical value of the Index to forecasters because objective data contain the same basic information. However, the Index reflected Watergate and the Arab oil embargo, and information on consumer response to such extraordinary non-systematic factors might assist forecasters. Granger causality tests support the exogeneity of certain explanatory variables and are consistent with the hypothesis that consumer sentiment affects automobile sales and purchases of consumer durables without feedback.     

简析公共财政体系下财政支出结构的调整

本文以公共财政理论为基础,针对我国现阶段所进行的经济体制改革,从行政管理支出、社会保障支出、科技事业支出三个方面对财政支出结构调整做了简要分析。     

FOSTERING OR STRIPPING RURAL CHINA: MODERNIZING AGRICULTURE AND RURAL TO URBAN CAPITAL FLOWS

The present study focuses on the flow of fiscal and financial resources in China's rural economy during the first two decades of reform. Specifically, we seek to quantify the nature and direction of the capital flows between agriculture and the non‐agricultural sectors and between the rural and non‐rural sectors. We track identify the flows of three main sources of capital: fiscal flows, financial shifts through the formal banking system, and the implicit taxes that are moving through the grain system as a result of payment of in‐kind (e.g., delivery quotas by farmers). Through this analysis, we provide policy makers with a set of measures showing that although in recent years the agriculture‐to‐industry and rural‐to‐urban flows have appeared to reverse themselves, as late as 2000 it does not appear as if the government is not directing enough resources into the rural economy. Greater flows, however, are needed if rural China is to modernize.     

Evaluating the impact of Tax-for-Fee reform (Fei Gai Shui) on water resources and agriculture production in the Zhanghe Irrigation System, China

This article questions the effectiveness and viability of rural Tax-for-Fee reform (Fei Gai Shui) on water resources and agriculture production, taking the Zhanghe Irrigation System of China as a case study example. The Fei Gai Shui reform has been heralded as a possible solution for reducing the excessive fiscal burden on peasants. While the reform may achieve in relieving peasant burdens significantly, the initial impact of Fei Gai Shui on water resources and agricultural production indicate least satisfactory trends. The policy shows significant impact on rice yield and area. It might also have profound impact on cropping pattern but it has yet to be seen. Dependence on local water resources such as ponds show significant increase after Fei Gai Shui as it discouraged farmers to rely on regional water sources. Although the lower regional water use under Fei Gai Shui reduced the water charges paid by farmers, the savings were mostly offset by increasing pumping costs in accessing water from local ponds. Without any adjustments, the Fei Gai Shui is likely to cause serious predicament in agricultural sector. It is visioned that local water resources such as water ponds will continue to play an important role in sustaining agricultural production.