Unbounded liabilities,capital reserve requirements and the taxpayer put option

When firms access unbounded liability exposures and are granted limited liability, then an all equity firm holds a call option, whereby it receives a free option to put losses back to the taxpayers. We call this option the taxpayer put, where the strike is the negative of the level of reserve capital at stake in the firm. We contribute by (i) valuing this taxpayer put, and (ii) determining the level for reserve capital without a reference to ratings. Reserve capital levels are designed to mitigate the adverse incentives for unnecessary risk introduced by the taxpayer put at the firm level. In our approach, the level of reserve capital is set to make the aggregate risk of the firm externally acceptable, where the specific form of acceptability employed is positive expectation under a concave distortion of the cash flow distribution. It is observed that, in the presence of the taxpayer put, debt holders may not be relied upon to monitor risk as their interests are partially aligned with equity holders by participating in the taxpayer put. Furthermore, the taxpayer put leads to an equity pricing model associated with a market discipline that punishes perceived cash shortfalls.     

金融安全视角下的股市平准基金探析

通过平准基金的方式来平抑股价波动理论界历来存有争议。然而,宏观环境的变化、资本市场自身的体制机制性缺陷,将进一步增加我国金融体系的不确定性,强化金融内在的脆弱性,从资本市场的渠道对我国金融安全构成潜在的威胁和挑战。作为现代市场经济的核心,金融的稳定与安全高于一切,金融安全比市场化规则更重要。因此,规划设立股市平准基金,建立资本市场危机干预机制符合国家金融安全这一战略利益。当然,对于平准基金的管理、运作、风险控制和信息披露等方面应该制订一系列严格的制度规范,以控制基金自身的风险,保证基金的运行效率。     

浅析国际金融危机下中日经贸合作新契机

本文将就金融危机爆发前后中日在贸易额、依存关系及跨国投资方向三方面的变化,分析其产生的经济原因,即合作对等性加强及贸易保护主义抬头,并利用贸易结合度指数论证在新经济形势下中日双边贸易合作的新契机,并对于中日贸易合作前景提出展望。     

经理人特性影响到了基金绩效吗?——来自中国股市的经验实证

依据可获取的描述基金经理人特征变量的统计信息,以沪深两市2011年746只基金作为研究样本,通过逻辑回归检验了基金绩效与基金经理人特征之间的关系。与大多数研究结果不同的是,实证结论表明,年龄、学历、其他教育背景、性别、工作年限、专业背景对基金绩效均没有显著的影响,而基金经理管理的基金数对绩效有显著的正向影响。同时对于投资于股票市场的基金,管理人单独决策的效率产生的收益超过团队协作带来的收益,从而使得基金管理的人数对绩效产生了冲击。另外,替换基金经理对基金的绩效可能有负的影响。     

Asset Prices and History: The Case of Austria

Historical events are reflected in asset prices. Looking at Austrian government bond prices traded on the Swiss stock exchange during WWII provides therefore a useful way of interpreting the importance the thousands of people directly and indirectly engaged in stock markets attributed to various war events. An econometric analysis of the relationship between government bond values and events in Austrian history reveals that some generally considered crucial events connected with WWII are clearly reflected in Austrian government bond prices. This holds, in particular for the beginning and the end of the war. The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938 which seemingly looked as being overwhelmingly and passionately welcomed by the Austrian population negatively affected the evaluation of Austrian government bonds, i.e. it was considered to be to the disadvantage of Austria by the people who put their own personal fortune at risk.     

论实现法治的最基本条件

市场经济是一种法治经济，所有权与债权都必须在保持合法主体的前提下，通过等价交换的原则来得以充分实现，因此我们必须加强社会主义市场经济的法治建设。     

Seasonality patterns in dry bulk shipping spot and time charter freight rates

This paper investigates the nature of seasonality (deterministic and/or stochastic) in dry bulk freight rates, and measures and compares it across freight rates of different vessel sizes (Capesize, Panamax and Handysize), contract duration (spot, 1-year and 3-year time charters) and market conditions (peaks and troughs). Although, there is no evidence of stochastic seasonality, deterministic seasonality in freight rates is found to be varying from −18.2% to 15.3% in individual months within a year. Spot rates for larger vessels exhibit higher seasonal fluctuations compared to smaller vessels, although differences in seasonal fluctuations between sectors are eliminated as the contract duration increases. Also, for each vessel size, the seasonality declines as the contract duration rises. Asymmetries in seasonal fluctuations in freight rates over different market conditions are attributed to the high and low elasticities of supply expected under the respective market conditions. The results have implications for tactical shipping operations such as timing of dry-docking, chartering strategies and switching between freight markets.     

Estimating contract indexation in a Financial Accelerator Model

This paper addresses the positive implications of indexing risky debt to observable aggregate conditions. These issues are pursued within the context of the celebrated financial accelerator model of Bernanke et al. (1999). The principal conclusions include: (1) the estimated level of indexation is significant, (2) the business cycle properties of the model are significantly affected by this degree of indexation, (3) the importance of investment shocks in the business cycle depends upon the estimated level of indexation, and (4) although the data prefers the financial model with indexation over the frictionless model, they have remarkably similar business cycle properties for non-financial exogenous shocks.     

Risky business: How social psychology can help improve corporate risk management

Drawing on research in management theory, risk analysis, and the social sciences, this installment of Business Law & Ethics Corner promotes diversity of thought in corporate governance as not only beneficial to business growth and creativity, but also imperative to managing risk successfully. The article begins with a review of four major worldviews and the risk preferences of each. Next, it examines psychological processes that guide human decision making and greatly influence risk perception. The article then applies these worldviews and psychological phenomena to the case of risk management. It offers a critique of current risk management practices, drawing on evidence from the 2007–2008 financial crisis. The article concludes by promoting increased diversity of worldviews in corporate governance as a way to prevent the same risk blindness that led to the Great Recession.     

新疆乌昌地区城市休闲旅游市场开发研究

本文首先简述了城市休闲旅游的概念和一般特征,进而通过文献综合和市场调查,全面分析了乌昌地区城市休闲旅游的供需特征,并从市场培育和项目开发等方面提出一些对策建议。