Small business survival and inheritance: evidence from Germany

This paper investigates whether small businesses face financial constraints that affect their survival. A model of moral hazard is developed in which financial constraints arise endogenously. The model predicts that higher private assets relax financial constraints and have a positive effect on the firm’s probability of survival. The empirical analysis confirms that the entrepreneur has a higher propensity to stay in business when she inherits capital. This effect is particularly strong for entrepreneurs who switch from self-employment into wage employment.

Financial development and private investment in Sub-Saharan Africa

This study examines the relationship between financial sector development and private investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. It uses panel data covering the period 1991-2004 from 18 countries in Africa. The main findings of the study are as follows: there is a negative relationship between interest rate and private investment, signaling large interest rate spreads in African economies. It is also found that both the credit to the private sector and the turnover ratio have significant relationships with private investment. However, the effect of turnover ratio on investment is insignificant. The insignificance of the stock market indicator reflects the low stage of stock market development in most of the African economies. In addition, it is found that the informal sector is still large and has positive effects on private investment and that institutional variables play a key role in determining the level of private investment in Africa.     

对我国国债市场流动性的实证研究

本文从流动性的宽度和深度两个角度,对上海交易所和银行间债券市场的流动性进行量化分析,分析中使用一阶序列自协方差模拟估计有效价差(宽度),用换手率和Amivest流动性比率估计深度及宽度.经研究发现:两个市场的流动性具有结构性特征,不能简单比较,得出孰高孰低的结论;在回购交易品种中,银行间市场的7天回购流动性最佳,其价格可以作为基准利率;债券市场存在新券和旧券之间的流动性替代效应.     

双重二元金融结构、农户信贷需求与农村金融改革——基于11省14县市的田野调查

破除二元金融结构、推进农村金融改革、及时调整非均衡增长模式是克服金融危机和保持经济可持续发展的关键。本文基于11省14县市的田野调查数据,对农户信贷意愿和信贷可及性及其影响因素进行了定量分析,同时运用统计数据揭示了我国农村系统性负投资和双重二元金融结构的制度特征与经济后果。本文最后对未来农村金融体系改革中激励与约束机制设计、存量改革与增量改革战略以及普惠金融体系的构建提出了系统的政策框架。     

构建推进社会主义新农村建设的财政保障机制

社会主义新农村建设需要与之相适应的财政体制作保障.本文以此立意,分析了1994年财政体制取向与新农村建设目标之间可能存在的冲突,评价了1998年以来财政政策性安排对于缓和农村矛盾、强化农村财政保障的积极作用,最后提出根据新农村建设要求,研究建立财政保障的长效机制的思路.     

基于灰色关联分析法的电力企业的财务绩效评价

目前电力企业的体制已经发生了变革,已经由垄断的计划经济转变成了市场经济,因此电力企业的财务绩效评价也变得十分重要。本文采用灰色关联分析法对电力企业的财务绩效进行评价,和其他方法相比,主观因素小,是一种较实用的评价方法。     

我国小企业的紧融资约束

紧融资约束是我国大多数小企业进一步发展所面临的瓶颈问题。其直接原因是信贷配给制下国有银行的自利性歧视,如企业规模歧视、治理结构歧视、所有权歧视、资金需求歧视和交易费用歧视等。其根本原因是我国的金融抑制和金融发展的水平偏低。重要的是,金融抑制往往是金融不发达的重要原因。因此,解决的办法主要有加强信用评价与管理、发展信用担保业、加强对国有银行贷款行为的规制、放松对民间融资的规制和在银行业中引入私人小银行等。其中,第三条措施是根源于国有银行的企业性质的,也是可以立即执行并在短期内见效的解决办法。     

Does urbanization reduce rural poverty? Evidence from Vietnam

This paper uses data from household surveys to contribute to the urbanization-poverty nexus literature by assessing the effect of urbanization on income, expenditure, and poverty in rural households in Vietnam. We find that the urbanization process stimulates the transition from farm to non-farm activities in rural areas. More specifically, urbanization tends to reduce farm income and increase wages and non-farm income in rural households. This suggests that total income and consumption expenditure of rural households are more likely to increase with urbanization. Finally, we find also that urbanization helps decrease the expenditure poverty rate of rural households, albeit by a small magnitude.     

技术创新与战略性新兴产业的耦合效应

区域技术创新与战略性新兴产业协调发展对促进区域知识经济增长具有重要的战略意义。文章基于我国31个省际截面数据,对技术创新与战略性新兴产业发展的耦合关系进行了分析,报告了两者之间协同发展的重要性,通过采用耦合协调度评价方法,进行了相关统计调查,反映了我国各省市技术创新与战略性新兴产业协同发展程度普遍偏低的问题,取得东部地区与中、西部耦合协调度差距较为明显,大部分地区战略性新兴产业发展滞后于技术创新水平的研究成果,给出了加强关键核心技术和前沿技术的开发、通过区域相互交流,促进技术转移和扩散,形成战略性新兴产业集聚区以及在不断健全财税金融政策支持体系下,政府应加大对中西部地区的扶持力度和适当引导等相关建议。