海洋综合执法模式的比较研究

海洋综合执法是克服海洋分散执法弊端的必然选择,目前我国海洋综合执法模式可以分为多元联合执法模式、一元统一执法模式和多元一体化执法模式,这三种模式在内涵和运行机制上都有显著区别,也各具自身的优势和不足,通过比较分析,可以为我们全面掌握海洋综合执法模式,以及在执法中如何选择海洋综合执法模式提供有益参考。     

完善林业行政执法内容的研究

论述目前我国在林业行政执法过程中存在执法机构设置不合理,林业行政执法主体范围不清晰,执法监督机制和责任机制不健全,以及执法人员的职业素质有待提高等问题。提出了从我国的立法实践出发引入国外的立法经验,规范林业执法机构的设置;把执法监督责任机制落实到个人,对执法人员进行业务培训及思想教育等。从实质上做到以事实为依据,以法律为准绳,使《森林法》的贯彻落实得到切实有效的保障。     

我国应确立公司设立无效制度

公司设立无效制度是外国公司法的一项重要制度,为受侵害的当事人提供了一条司法救济途径.通过对公司设立无效的内涵、外国立法例、法律类型的分析,提出确认设立无效的法律途径,并针对公司设立无效可能带来的负面效应提出了相应限制和矫正措施,以期对我公司立法有所助益.     

Optimal taxation and growth with public goods and costly enforcement

This paper studies optimal direct and indirect taxation in an endogenous growth framework with a productive public good and costly tax collection. Optimal (growth-maximizing) tax rules are derived under exogenous collection costs. The optimal direct–indirect tax ratio is shown to be negatively related to the administrative costs of collecting these taxes, as documented in cross-country data. This result also holds under endogenous collection costs (with these costs inversely related to administrative spending on tax enforcement), but for these to generate significant effects on tax collection requires implausibly high degrees of efficiency in spending, or the allocation of a large fraction of resources to tax enforcement. Depending on how it is financed, the latter policy may entail adverse effects on growth. Improving ‘tax culture’ and the sense of civic duty through greater budgetary transparency may be a more effective policy to improve tax collection and promote economic growth.     

William F. Whyte: Contributions to management

The name of William Foote Whyte is most frequently associated with Street Corner Society, the sociological study of life in Boston's North End during the late 1930s, but his research spanned another sixty years in a range of settings on three continents. This article traces his achievements over the decades, as he developed and applied a participatory action research methodology in the kitchens of Chicago restaurants, the oilfields of Oklahoma and Venezuela, subsistence farms in Peru and Guatemala, and industrial cooperatives in the Basque region of Spain. It describes how this methodology, grounded in case research, led to social change at the “Tremont Hotel” in a Midwestern city. It questions why his achievements have not received greater recognition among by academicians and practitioners, perhaps because his ideas and findings on social change produced discomfort among peers and the sponsors of his research.     

在税收执法中行使自由裁量权的思考

当前税收执法行使自由裁量权存在的主要问题是滥用裁量权,不能合理、公正和公平地运用自由裁量权.税收执法行使自由裁量权必须遵循的基本原则是:合法性、合理性、先例、适度和程序的原则.减少和防止自由裁量权不当行使的对策是加强教育,公开结果,推行税务行政责任制度等.     

税收执法提升了企业财务报告质量吗——基于“金税工程三期”的准自然实验

以2011~2018年中国A股上市公司为样本,以税务稽查系统改革"金税工程三期"为准自然实验,探讨税收执法的公司治理效应,采用双重差分模型,实证检验了金税工程三期改革对企业财务报告质量的影响。研究发现：金税工程三期改革显著提升了企业财务报告质量。金税工程三期改革的公司治理效应在治理环境较弱、信息透明度更低、融资需求更高的公司表现得更为显著。从作用机制来看,金税工程三期改革显著增强了税收执法力度,减少了企业的避税行为。     

Owners’ rule-based decision-making in family firm strategic renewal

We explore the process and consequences of family firm owners applying informal rules to decision-making in the context of later-generation family firms attempting strategic renewal. Based on the case studies of two firms in a Nordic country where the owners serve as non-executive board members, and following institutional action theory, we propose that informal rules – based on historical precedents and cumulative experience – applied to a family firm’s decision-making play many roles. They sustain family traditions over time, transfer experience over generations and depersonalise family members’ use of power. In addition, the rules on governance structure, governance processes and the content of the strategies form a hierarchy and can both facilitate and hinder the renewal.     

森林资源社区参与式管理的制度经济学分析——以甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区李子坝村为例

解决公共池塘资源退化问题,现行的方案是引入集权化和私有化2种产权制度安排。实地调查发现,一些村民能够自发地组织起来参与管理,实现了资源的有效保护,李子坝森林巡护队就是其中的代表。运用制度分析的方法,结合现实中成功案例,建立了一个自主组织的选择框架,解释村民能够把自己组织起来、跳出集体行动的困境所必须具备的条件,论证社区参与式管理可以弥补制度外生供给存在的缺陷。     

利益分配、战略行动与集体选择的不确定性

爱因斯坦说,时间是一种错觉;普利高津则说,确定性是一种错觉。而文章认为,均衡也是一种错觉:集体选择的结果存在内生的不确定性。基于个体战略行动的多样性,文章从利益分配的角度对集体选择的不确定性作出了理论上的证明。认识到集体选择的不确定性特征对于理解社会的运行以及设计与社会控制相关的制度规章都具有重要的意义。