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41.
BETTY C. DANIEL 《Journal of Money, Credit and Banking》2010,42(6):1109-1135
This paper combines insights from generation one currency crisis models and the fiscal theory of the price level (FTPL) to create a dynamic FTPL model of currency crises. The initial fixed‐exchange‐rate policy entails risks due to an upper bound on government debt and stochastic surplus shocks. Agents refuse to lend into a position for which the value of debt exceeds the present value of expected future surpluses. Policy switching, usually combined with currency depreciation, restores fiscal solvency and lending. This model can explain a wide variety of crises, including those involving sovereign default. We illustrate by explaining the crisis in Argentina (2001). 相似文献
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我国生物质发电的发展环境分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
论述了国内生物质发电项目的发展情况,根据多项生物质发电工程前期工作研究和评审经验,在国家有关主管机构要求完成相关课题研究和调研的基础上,对生物质发电项目对生态环境的影响进行了分析,对目前亟待重视的问题和政策进行了讨论研究,以期为我国生物质发电产业的健康快速发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
44.
Despite the fact that urban farming is widespread in many African cities there is not yet a clearly defined view on how to deal with these activities in urban planning and management. On the basis of field interviews in the rapidly expanding metropolitan area of Kampala (Uganda) three different urban farming types were identified: subsistence farming, garden farming and commercial farming. These three urban farming types have their own spatial organisation logic and each interact in a specific way with urban expansion. In this paper the possible outcome of three alternative urban management strategies for Kampala (urban sprawl, urban infilling and a combination of both) were translated into spatially explicit land use scenarios for the years 2020 and 2030. This allowed to evaluate the spatial impact of each scenario on the future viability of the different urban farming practices. Urban sprawl fragments large open spaces thereby reducing the space for subsistence farming with 80% by 2030. Urban infilling, on the other hand, decreases the opportunities for small to medium scale garden and commercial farming by a possible reduction of 62% of the available farming land by 2030. The results of the analysis are useful for urban planners as they give insight in the potential future effects of proposed planning strategies on urban farming. 相似文献
45.
Scenarios of future outcomes often provide context for policy decisions and can be a form of science communication, translating complex and uncertain relationships into stories for a broader audience. We conducted a survey experiment (n = 270) to test the effects of reading land use change scenarios on willingness to participate in land use planning activities. In the experiment, we tested three combinations of scenarios across two time periods, comparing survey responses of individuals reading a set of scenarios with individuals who did not read scenarios. Reading scenario narratives increased willingness to participate in land use planning activities and perceived self-efficacy. Measures of interest and sense of community also increased willingness to participate. Tests of an indirect mediation model found self-efficacy partially mediated the effect of reading scenarios on willingness to participate. This latter relationship may be a mechanistic explanation for the effect of reading scenarios. Envisioning the future with brief, bulleted scenarios of land use change in a print format appears to increase self-efficacy in planning for the future. Our results suggest scenarios can serve as a vehicle for changing public participation in land use planning. 相似文献
46.
本文通过对经济业务分类和审计方法的演变分析,尤其是针对现在国内外流行的业务循环经济业务分类方法与根据业务循环,开展内部控制测试与审计中存在的重复和遗漏之不足,提出了崭新的企业经济业务新的分类标准,主张将企业全部经济业务分成广义购进、广义销售、货币收付和资料生成四大类型,然后研究在新的分类下每类业务的控制与审计重点,以达到消除目前在控制与审计活动中存在大量重复作业,节约审计资源,降低审计成本,提高审计质量与效率之目的。 相似文献
47.
This paper adopts a components of employment change methodology and examines the process of job generation in the late 1980s for three contrasting regions of the United Kingdom. The emphasis in the analysis is on the contribution of new and small firms to regional manufacturing employment growth. The results indicate the important role of new and small indigenous firms in the job generation process, particularly in Northern Ireland, in the period 1986–90. However, the level of displacement associated with these job creations is sufficiently high to cause concern about the longterm sustainability of these trends. The paper concludes by arguing that policies designed to stimulate new firm formation and small firm growth are not in themselves sufficient to promote growth. 相似文献
48.
本文介绍了汽车尾气对人类健康和生态环境的危害,及其生成机理和影响因素并简述汽车尾气治理与发展。 相似文献
49.
新生代农民工创业是大众创业、万众创新的重要组成部分,有利于推动新型城镇化建设和推进我国经济社会健康发展。提升新生代农民工创业意愿,推进新生代农民工创业活动开展,需要分析影响其创业意向的因素。文章从认知视角出发,构建社会网络、创业自我效能感和创业意向的理论模型,考察了新生代农民工社会网络对创业意向的作用机理。实证研究表明,新生代农民工社会网络对创业意向具有正向影响,并且社会网络还通过创业自我效能感间接影响创业意向,创业自我效能感在社会网络与创业意向关系中起到部分中介作用。据此结论,提出改革二元制度、加大创业培训支持以及完善创业支持体系等提升新生代农民工创业意向的对策建议。 相似文献
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