Growth, welfare and transitional dynamics in an endogenously growing economy with abatement labor

This paper sets up a simple endogenous growth model that highlights the importance of the endogenous labor-leisure choice and the allocation between production labor and abatement labor. We show that, in contrast to the common notion (e.g. [Bovenberg, A.L., Smulders, S., 1996. Transitional impacts of environmental policy in an endogenous growth model. International Economic Review 37, 861–893] and [Bovenberg, A.L., de Mooij, R.A., 1997. Environmental tax reform and endogenous growth. Journal of Public Economics 63, 207–237]), the existence of an environmental production externality is a sufficient (but not necessary) condition for environmental policies to stimulate economic growth if the labor-leisure choice is endogenously determined. In particular, since there are complementarities between public abatement and private abatement, the public abatement expenditure will have a more powerful enhancing effect on economic growth when it is accompanied by more efficient private abatement. This result also leads to a corollary to the effect that it is easier to achieve double dividends in terms of enhancing both growth and welfare if the endogenous labor-leisure choice is taken into account.In our dynamic analysis, we show that if public abatement is substantially large, dynamic indeterminacy may occur despite the absence of a positive labor externality and interestingly, this is more likely to be the case when abatement labor plays a more significant role. Besides, the transitional effects of an increase in public abatement are also investigated.     

“Opt out” or kept out? The effect of stigma,structure, selection,and sector on the labor force participation of married women in India

Using the 61st and 68th rounds of National Sample Survey data, we investigate the role of stigma, the economy’s structure, potential selection bias, and sectoral differences in explaining the low labor force participation (LFP) of middle and secondary educated women in India relative to low‐ and high‐educated women (the “U‐shape”). Estimating LFP regressions on a sample of prime‐aged married women, we show that, controlling for background characteristics, if a woman’s husband works in a white‐collar job in a region with a high share of blue‐collar jobs, she is less likely to participate in the labor market (stigma). We also find a positive effect of an increase in an index of white‐collar job growth (structure) on married women’s LFP. These effects are present in both rural and urban sectors but are strongest in the rural sector. However, middle and secondary educated women are still found to have substantially lower LFP than low‐ and graduate‐educated women in both sectors. Indeed, over time, the U‐shape persists in the rural sector and deepens in the urban sector. Because unobservables are quite large in the urban sector, we use the method of instrumental variables and find an increasing return at middle levels but stagnation at higher levels.     

Economic Justice: Confronting Dilemmas

Abstract:

This article uses a simple economic model to study important issues in debates about distributive justice. What role do non-labor productive assets play? What role does private ownership play? What role does scarcity play? What role do credit and labor markets play? The model is used to address these questions, and in the process explain why even if those who acquire scarce productive assets do so fairly, and in a manner that deserves compensation, there is reason to believe (1) that when people own productive assets privately outcomes will become unfair, and (2) credit and labor markets will aggravate inequities. The article concludes that distributive justice requires compensation commensurate with the economic sacrifices people make and acknowledges important challenges that must be overcome to achieve this.     

市场竞争不完全与企业内部工资差距——基于产品与劳动力市场融合视角的分析

理解工资差距的形成机制是在新时期破解发展不平衡不充分问题,进而实现共享发展的关键。本文从产品与劳动力市场竞争不完全相融合的视角,扩展了中国企业内部技能员工与非技能员工工资差距形成机制的研究,兼论消除竞争不完全的效率提高。基于中国企业数据并在统一的框架下构建市场竞争不完全的测算指标,本文发现:中国的市场化改革并不必然带来收入差距的扩大,不完全的市场化改革形成的产品与劳动力市场竞争不完全才是引发企业内部收入差距的重要原因。当存在市场竞争不完全时,企业会将产品市场势力扩展到劳动力市场,形成劳动力市场竞争不完全对工资差距的更大影响。这意味着单一的市场化改革不能有效缓解收入差距,只有产品与劳动力市场的同步改革才能达到最优的政策效果。中国的市场化改革可以在初次分配中通过发挥市场机制兼顾效率与公平。     

集团企业人工成本预算管理思路浅探

就如何加强对集团公司各企业人工成本的有效管理和控制、提高企业人工成本竞争力,进一步深化收入分配机制改革,健全人工成本调控机制,提高工资管理水平和促进企业持续健康发展等,结合国有企业人工成本控制的实际,提出规范集团企业人工成本预算管理的基本思路。     

浅谈企业人力资源管理与和谐劳动关系构建

文章分析了企业在构建和谐劳动关系中所起到的重要作用,并针对企业中劳动关系协调管理所存在的问题进行了探讨,从而提出为进一步完善企业人力资源管理以构建和谐劳动关系的措施。     

劳动合同服务期之探讨

劳动合同服务期不同于一般的劳动合同期限,两者在适用前提以及违约后果等方面都存在一定区别。服务期规定的出台体现了《劳动合同法》平衡劳动关系双方当事人权利义务的立法理念,适应了不同人群的需要,但服务期条款也存在规定不甚具体、内容不甚明确的缺陷,因而需对其作进一步探讨,厘清相关问题,以发挥服务期条款的应有作用。     

现阶段中国私营企业劳资关系调整研究

改革开放以来,我国私营经济迅速发展,为国民经济的增长做出了巨大贡献。但是,伴随私营经济的增长,私营企业劳资关系的负面影响日益明显。特别是近年来,我国私营企业的劳资纠纷频频发生,甚至出现了严重摧残民工身心的山西黑砖窑虐待工人事件。在这种背景下,调整劳资关系,提高工人的地位和待遇,成为贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要任务。因此,本文以我国私营企业劳资关系为研究对象,对现阶段我国私营企业劳资关系进行了系统的研究。     

发展劳务经济 促进农民增收问题研究

河南作为农业第一大省,输出农村富余劳动力以发展劳务经济具有得天独厚的条件。劳务经济对增加农民收入、加快农村小城镇建设、促进城市经济发展、提高农民素质等具有积极作用。文章针对河南省劳务经济发展中存在的六大问题,提出了转变政府职能、改革户籍制度、发展城镇经济、加强农村教育投入、改革土地制度、加大农业资金投入和以品牌战略拓展劳务输出空间的发展对策,促进农民有效增收。