The Original Maturity of Corporate Bonds: The Influence of Credit Rating,Asset Maturity,Security, and Macroeconomic Conditions

We examine the determinants of the new issue maturity of corporate bonds. As credit rating decreases, new bond issues have longer maturities, but substantial variation in maturity within each rating class remains. We seek to explain the variation of new issue maturity within credit classes. We find that asset maturity, security covenants, and macroeconomic conditions influence the new issue maturity of bonds within rating categories.     

The impact of tax holidays on earnings management: An empirical study of corporate reporting behavior in a developing-economy framework

This study investigates whether foreign investment enterprises (FIEs) in China alter their corporate reporting behavior in response to a known schedule of tax-rate increases. The context of this investigation is a tax-incentive scheme that allows firms to pay taxes at a reduced rate for a limited period of time, and then at a higher rate when this period expires. If managers attempt to maximize firm value by minimizing tax costs, then the spread of tax rates in the periods surrounding the rate change may provide a substantial incentive for them to accelerate revenue and defer expenses. Consistent with this hypothesis, the empirical results indicate that firms report significantly higher discretionary current accruals for the years before tax-rate increases. The evidence, which indicates that firms manage earnings upward to take advantage of lower tax rates that are available in certain years, has important implications for tax policymakers.     

Corporate governance in a major British holding company: BSA in the interwar years

This paper uses a case study of BSA to examine corporate governance in a holding company during the interwar years. Recognised as generally progressive in its policy towards financial disclosure, nevertheless BSA attracted hostile criticism from its shareholders, showed little evidence of developing administrative coordination and provided limited detailed information concerning the performance of its subsidiaries. Voice did have an effect in changing the pattern of financial reporting, but even under the pressure of its banker, when financial circumstances deteriorated in the early 1930s, BSA was only prepared to change personnel while organisational structures remained in place.     

A study of earnings-management motives in the Anglo-American and Euro-Continental accounting models: The Canadian and French cases

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that potentially influence earnings-management policy with reference to the Anglo-American and Euro-Continental accounting models. Canada and France, respectively, belong to those different socio-economic environments. Earnings-management practices detected in those countries are expected to be affected by specific socio-economic features of the Anglo-American and the Euro-Continental environments. We explain earnings-management practices by incentives suggested in the literature to reveal which motives are prominent within each environment.We tested our earnings-management motives (EMM) model using appropriate panel-estimation techniques over 1674 Canadian and 1470 French firm-year observations. Our results provide evidence that incentives for earnings management for French firms are specifically linked to contractual debt costs and effective tax rate. However, Canadian firms show specific incentives matched with a dynamic capital market. Issuing equity is a strong motive for earnings management in Canadian firms.     

我国商业银行操作风险度量模型的选择

操作风险涉及银行经营活动的所有领域、各个环节和所有人员，不同银行、不同业务、不同环节的操作风险特征都不相同。操作风险度量是对操作风险进行经济资本配置的基础，目前还没有普遍适用的操作风险度量方法，现有的一些主流模型没有充分考虑内部控制对操作风险的影响和操作风险的因果性特征。因此，操作风险度量模型应考虑到其特征，既要综合主观和客观两方面的因素，也要可以灵活地进行动态调整。考虑到我国商业银行操作风险管理的实际，在操作风险度量模型的选择上，可用内部控制评价结果调整的基本指标法和标准法作为自上而下的度量模型，用贝叶斯网络技术作为自下而上的度量模型。     

建立我国基于风险控制的企业年金监管体系

在我国企业年金制度启动后，为防范企业年金基金管理风险，必须建立一套行之有效的监管体系和监管方法。本文提出建立我国基于风险控制的企业年金监管体系，该体系是基于风险的金融监管理论在企业年金领域的应用和实践。建立基于风险的企业年金监管体系主要包括4个方面的内容：即确定企业年金的监管架构及适合我国国情的监管模式；建立统一的风险监管平台，开发统一的企业年金风险监管系统，统一企业年金监管风险管理工具和风险指标，形成支持协同监管的技术系统平台；完善规章制度体系，凄定监管基础；切实严格执行管理机构的准入制度，形成优胜劣汰良好机制。     

商业银行信用风险评估的生存分析模型及实证研究

企业发生财务危机，不能归还到期贷款是商业银行信贷资产的主要风险来源，商业银行如何构建恰当的信用风险评估模型来预测企业的财务危机，从而避免这类信用风险的出现就显得尤为重要。本文以我国上市公司为研究对象，结合杜邦分析法建立了基于生存分析的信用风险评估模型，模型对于随机选取的预测样本，其提前1年、2年和3年的预测准确率分别达到86％、72％和68％。通过与Ahman模型、Ohlson模型预测结果的比较和鲁棒性检验的结果发现，该模型同时具有可以使用时间序列、无需样本配对、中远期预测能力强和高鲁棒性的特点．这些特点特别对于商业银行中长期信贷风险管理具有较高的应用价值．     

浅议油田设备采购管理

阐述了油田设备采购的重要性，分析了油田设备采购的特点、现状以及存在的问题，提出了加强和完善设备采购管理的措施。指出，在招标采购中，一是要制定好详细的设备技术参数，二是制定好招标文件，三是制定好评标办法及标准。     

存款保险法律制度利弊之研究

存款保险法律制度是直接针对银行挤兑和破产倒闭而设计的,目的在于保护存款人的利益,增强公众对银行体系的信心,减少挤兑的可能性。我国建立该制度,将有利于维护金融安全,营造公平竞争的市场环境,完善银行的退出机制,从而提高金融业的效率。     

构建有价值的企业预算管理框架

企业实施预算管理不仅具有企业层面的价值,而且具有政府层面的价值.要发挥预算管理的作用,关键是构建有价值的预算管理框架.本文分别从企业预算目标的确立、预算管理信息系统的建立、现金流管理、内部控制制度以及综合性方面,提出了构建有价值的企业预算管理框架的思路.