自行车产业如何突破质量瓶颈

从分析自行车产业发展面临的瓶颈问题着手,指出质量是影响自行车产业发展和企业经营效益的关键性因素。质量监控的重要手段之一是检测,检测由标准来规范。因此,制修订检测和计量标准,加强标准宣贯和统一检测方法是促进自行车产业可持续发展的重要保障。     

Correct and incorrect use of child restraints: Results from an urban survey in New Zealand

This study describes the incorrect use of child restraints among car drivers with young children and examines factors that may influence their misuse. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in supermarket car parks with car drivers travelling with children under the age of 8 years. The main measure was errors in child restraint use. Short interviews were conducted with 1113 drivers with a close inspection of the child restraints used in the vehicles. Only 4% of children were unrestrained but 64% of drivers made at least one error in restraint use. Most respondents thought using a restraint was easy, but 65% of these drivers made at least one error. Child restraints are used, but many are incorrectly fitted and/or have the child incorrectly placed in them. Correct use is a moderately complex task. Restraint systems need to be designed to minimize the opportunity for error and maximize safety.     

Regulating smart contracts: Legal revolution or simply evolution?

Blockchain-based smart contracts have triggered polarised discussions. They have been applauded as a significant technological achievement, but also criticised as a dumb idea. Their application is rapidly expanding in the financial sector, public sector, supply chain management, and the automobile, real estate, insurance, and health care industries. With the growing use of smart contracts and an increasing variety of smart contracts applications, the debate over the legal implications of this phenomenon has intensified and many legal issues related to smart contracts are being examined. Legal scholars have highlighted potential legal pitfalls, controversies and incompatibilities with existing legal frameworks. Blockchain technology and smart contracts have also been fuelling an interest of legislators, who have begun to recognise regulatory uncertainties and are making the first attempts to introduce legislative solutions to address them. This paper aims to highlight the fervour of the scholarly debate surrounding smart contracts and contrast it with a rather modest response from the legislators thus far. The paper reiterates that smart contracts represent the future. Even though they challenge practitioners, scholars, and legislators, current legislative initiatives indicate that under most legal systems there are no major obstacles for smart contracts and to accommodate smart contracts within the existing legal frameworks we should expect legal evolution rather than revolution.     

德国联邦政府2050年能源规划纲要——致力于实现“环境友好、安全可靠与经济可行”的能源供应

2010年9月,德国联邦政府正式发布了新的《能源规划纲要：致力于实现环境友好、安全可靠与经济可行的能源供应》。该规划纲要由德国联邦经济技术部和联邦环境部共同起草,是德国联邦政府面向2050年能源中长期发展战略。该计划以“服务于国民经济持续发展与繁荣”为核心,以“可再生能源为主的复合型能源结构”为目标,以“系统集成、技术开放和市场导向”为方向。     

德国智能电网的发展现状

“电子能源”是基于信息和通信技术的未来能源系统。该系统使得整个能源供应系统实现全面的数字化联网,以及计算机控制和监测。发展能源电网的关键是为各种发布式发电装置提供自由接入的动态平台、为节能和需求方管理提供智能化的控制管理平台、为电动汽车和各种新型电器提供创新的应用平台,从而解决供电安全和可持续发展等问题。     

Health inspection reports as predictors of specific training needs

This study examined the impact of inspector and operation type on restaurant inspection scores and estimated the probability of each violation found by each inspector and operation type. General linear models and a logistic regression model were employed to analyze 1,067 regular routine inspection results. The results of this study showed that inspector and operation type significantly impacted inspection scores, explaining 28.07% of the variation in scores. A significant difference was found in the prediction of the probability of each violation found by inspector and operation type. The estimated probability of each violation being found by inspector during a specific inspection of operation ranged from 0% to 47.9%. The probability of each violation occurrence by inspector and operation type was considered as specific training needs for inspectors and restaurant managers. Possible implications are suggested for training programs for inspectors and restaurant managers to improve standardized results of inspection.     

《食品安全法》对出入境检验检疫部门影响的探讨

笔者通过认真分析《食品安全法》与现行出入境检验检疫法律法规之间的区别与联系,提出了自己的一些见解和观点,希望出入境检验检疫部门能够将《食品安全法实施条例》中一些原则性较强的内容在法定范围内予以细化,并且在《食品安全法》和《食品安全法实施条例》中涉及出入境检验检疫的缝隙处做出必要的立法填充,使其能够与相应的部门规章和规范性文件有机衔接。     

Hybrid approaches based on SARIMA and artificial neural networks for inspection time series forecasting

In this paper, the number of goods subject to inspection at European Border Inspections Post are predicted using a hybrid two-step procedure. A hybridization methodology based on integrating the data obtained from autoregressive integrated moving averages (SARIMA) model in the artificial neural network model (ANN) to predict the number of inspections is proposed. Several hybrid approaches are compared and the results indicate that the hybrid models outperform either of the models used separately. This methodology may become a powerful decision-making tool at other inspection facilities of international seaports or airports.     

Searching online and buying offline: Understanding the role of channel-, consumer-, and product-related factors in determining webrooming intention

In recent times, the increasing accessibility of mobile technology has led to changes in consumers’ purchasing behavior. Despite the gloom and doom hearsay about how electronic commerce is threatening the existence of brick-and-mortar stores, by some indications, however, webrooming (i.e., the practice of researching items online, and then buying them offline) may be an even more common practice among shoppers. Against this background, this study proposes and empirically validates a comprehensive research model which incorporates consumer traits (i.e., need for touch, need for interaction, and price-comparison orientation), channel-related factors (i.e., online search convenience, perceived usefulness of online reviews, perceived helpfulness of in-store salespeople, and perceived risk of buying online), and smart shopping perception as antecedents of webrooming intention. Moreover, this study examines the moderating role of product category in predicting webrooming intention. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted. A total of 280 useable responses was collected and data was analyzed using partial least square structural equation modeling. The findings revealed significant direct and/or indirect effects (through smart shopping perception) of consumer traits and channel-related factors on webrooming intention. In addition, product category was found to moderate the relationship between price-comparison orientation, online search convenience, perceived risk, and webrooming intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

The perception of discount sales promotions – A utilitarian and hedonic perspective

This paper explores the effects of utilitarian and hedonic benefits perceptions of discount sales promotions on consumer purchase decisions (attitude and behavioral intention). A closed-ended survey, as well as a partial least squares structural equation modeling of consumers sampling who had used discount sales promotions in their recent purchases, was utilized in this study. The findings suggest that utilitarian benefits perceptions derived from price-quality perception and hedonic benefits perceptions derived from smart shopper self-perception of using discount sales promotions positively affect consumer purchase decisions. Both utilitarian and hedonic benefits perceptions of discount sales promotions can henceforth be used to produce the desired effects on purchase decisions. Hence, this paper sheds light on the effects of utilitarian and hedonic benefits perception of discount sales promotions on purchase decisions. Though the findings are limited to discount sales promotions alone and two types of purchase decisions outcomes (attitude and behavioral intentions), this paper identified multiple avenues to extend its findings. This encourages further exploration of such promotion topics, particularly on the various perceptions of discount sales promotions as well as other sales promotion techniques among marketing academics and practitioners.