Disparities in the financial performance of agricultural entities according to the legal form: the case of Slovakia

Financial management in agricultural enterprises is affected by a range of factors that are not present in other sectors. One of the factors that affect the performance of enterprises is the legal or organizational form of the business. In Slovakia, the specific structure of farms is different from that of almost any other member state of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the disparities in the financial performance of agricultural enterprises according to the legal form. We analysed and compared two groups of agricultural entities, agricultural cooperatives and business companies, for the period from 2005 to 2014. Based on an analysis of the differences using mathematical and statistical methods, we can conclude that the legal forms are distinguished in all monitored parameters and our hypothesis on the differences in economic performance of agricultural entities according to legal form was confirmed.     

河北省上市公司负债经营与公司绩效的联动关系探析

负债经营问题是具有重大理论价值和实践意义的研究课题。文章采用资产负债率作为负债经营指标来反映公司的资本结构,以净资产收益率（ROE）来反映上市公司绩效,结合河北省上市公司年报数据,通过实证分析来说明河北省上市公司负债经营与企业绩效的联动关系。     

A Framework for Reconsidering the Lake Wobegon Effect

The Lake Wobegon Effect (LWE) describes the potential measurement-error bias introduced into survey-based analyses of education issues. Although this effect potentially applies to any student-report variable, the systematic overreporting of academic achievements such as grade point average is often of preeminent concern. This concern can be easily circumvented if official records data are available; however, many researchers can only access student-reported data. In this article, the authors examine whether using student-survey data in place of official records data meaningfully biases regression estimates. They motivate their contribution by noting a useful statistical feature of overreporting on bounded variables such as grade point average. Specifically, the misreports will be negatively correlated with the true grade point average, yielding a form of nonclassical measurement error that actually counteracts the bias. The authors connect this observation to reliability ratios used in labor economics, which are simple ways to adjust for attenuation bias, when needed. In two applications, we find that it is unnecessary to correct for the LWE bias because it is so small.     

Compositional data analysis and zeros in micro data

The application of compositional data analysis methods in economics has some attraction. The methodology relies upon the use of 'log-ratios' in the statistical analysis. Such an approach is not possible when the data to be analysed include observations where the observed budget share is zero. We, therefore, consider and extend the methods of compositional data analysis in the situation where the data to be analysed include observations where the observed budget share is zero. The modified compositional data methods are discussed both in statistical terms and through potential economic interpretations of the method. Further, the modified methodology is applied to the 1988-89 Australian Household Expenditure Survey yielding estimates for a system of Engel curves.     

天津在外资企业高出口率态势下扩大出口的对策

近年来，天津外商投资企业的出口占天津出口总额的比例一直在70％以上。这一比例高于外商投资企业出口占我国外贸出口总额的比例，外商投资企业高出口贡献率在对天津出口贸易产生重要影响的同时，也使天津的贸易结构、贸易方式、贸易主体及企业自主知识产权的形成受到了一定的制约。在外商投资企业出口贡献率持续升高的态势下，应调整出口贸易导向，制定深化天津外贸出口的政策。     

权证价格的趋势特征及其投资策略

以沪深两市中的全部权证为研究对象,运用溢价率和隐含波动率这两个反映权证价格趋势特征的工具对我国权证的二级市场进行实证分析。研究发现：权证的溢价率和隐含波动率呈现一定的变化趋势,认购权证和认沽权证的溢价率呈反方向变化,认购权证的隐含波动率高于认沽权证的隐含波动率。用这两个工具可以引导投资者挖掘权证的内在价值。     

市盈率估值法和市销率估值法在我国A股市场的应用分析

市盈率估值法和市销率估值法是国外成熟的证券市场上常用的股票投资价值的评估方法,但他们作为单一指标具有一定的局限性。以市盈率和市销率相结合的方式可以共同体现上市公司的相对价值,更加有利于投资者对股票的投资价值作出正确的判断。根据盈率估值法和市销率估值法的特点、应用的局限性以及我国上市公司的成长性并结合实证研究的结论,提出以低市盈率和低市销率相结合并加入成长因素的综合价值评价方法进行股票价值评估能够更客观的反映我国上市公司的投资价值。     

档案提供利用方式与档案利用率

实行档案提供利用方式的多样化,对档案利用率能够产生显性、半显性和隐性的作用。现有的档案利用率计算公式已不能适应这种多样化的要求,需要进行合理调整。     

我国城乡居民收入差别测度指标评析及修正

目前，国内学者采用了多种指标测度我国的城乡居民收入差别状况，但是由于这些指标都存在一些缺陷,因而不能准确地反映实际情况。文章介绍和评析了这些测度指标，并提出了调整的城乡居民人均实际可支配收入比指标，用以修正对我国城乡居民收入差别的测度。     

上市公司市盈率的微观影响因素分析

市盈率指标具有重要作用,影响我国上市公司市盈率的微观因素除了股利支付率、公司成长性和公司风险的一般因素外,还需要考虑流通股比重、盈利能力等。本文基于这样的考虑,利用面板数据对沪深2001～2004年A股上市公司数据进行了实证研究,分析表明各财务指标对市盈率的影响关系基本同假设一致,但有些关系不显著。意外地,净利润增长率与市盈率负相关,需要结合我国具体情况来认识市盈率,作出合理的解释。