从出口、消费和投资看当前国债政策

出口、消费和投资是促进经济增长的主要动力之一。本文通过对1998年以来出口环境、收入与消费和投资等方面进行分析 ,认为出口对经济增长的净贡献率将进一步下降 ;随着新旧分配格局的转换 ,居民收入增幅开始下降 ,不同层次居民间收入差距拉大 ,居民总体消费倾向降低 ,影响了消费对经济增长的促进作用。以国债为核心的积极财政政策正是在这种背景下理所当然成为政府的首选。     

关于我国国库集中支付制度改革的思考

当前我国财政改革的重点是支出管理改革，而国库集中支付制度是支出管理改革的内容之一，该文首先分析了当前国国库管理体制存在的主要问题和建立国库集中支付制度的必要性，在此基础上提出了建立这一制度的指导,了后提出了关于建立我国国库集中支付制度的一些具体设想。     

探析社会保障基金的财务可持续性

社会保障基金在财务方面的可持续性是社会保障制度的物质基础和重要前提,因此必须把社会保障基金的可持续性作为首要的原则。社会保障基金必须保证短期内的收支平衡,长期内的保值增值,最终实现社会保障制度的可持续发展。     

Nested model comparison with structural equation approaches

Potential problems with the conventional nested model comparison procedure in the structural equation models context are discussed. It is argued that fixing parameter values might lead to creation of different unobservables in the nested model. A number of alternative ways of conducting model comparisons are reviewed and applied in a marketing example.     

A “Pure” long-term interest rate and the demand for money

This article presents the appropriate rate by which to discount a constant, certain, infinite stream of future payments: that is, the yield on a noncallable perpetuity or consol. The American consol series is a daily risk-free “pure” long term interest rate which is undistorted by tax effects, call premiums, and varying duration and reinvestment assumptions. If Hamburger had used the American consol series instead of the U.S. Government Long Term Bond Rate in his money demand function, he would have found more of the “missing money.” His average error (actual minus predicted money demand) as a percentage of actual money demand would have been reduced from 1.43% to 0.93% a 35% error reduction.     

State competition in higher education: A race to the top,or a race to the bottom?

How does competition affect higher education? This paper explores this question for public and private universities. Theory indicates that competition can push higher education policy in one of two different directions. On the one hand, competition may increase spending. For states, this would occur if states treat higher education as developmental; for private universities this would occur if they view spending as a means to attract students and prestige. On the other hand, competition may decrease spending if states treat higher education spending as redistributive, and competition may decrease spending by private schools if lower spending enhances their ability to attract students with low tuition. To determine which of these perspectives is most valid, we examine higher education policy choices in the 1980s and 1990s. We find that states appear to act as if higher education funding is redistributive while private schools appear to compete more on the basis of tuition than spending. These results demonstrate the important effects competition and governance structure have on higher education.Received: August 2001, Accepted: May 2002, JEL Classification: I2, I22, H72, I3     

Similarities between conflict and cooperation in the marketing channel

This article examines the relationship between two causes of conflict: domain dissensus and perceptual incongruity, and the levels of conflict and cooperation within a marketing channel dyad. Utilizing a national sample of food broker-food wholesaler dyads, four hypotheses were tested—two relating domain dissensus and two relating perceptual incongruity to conflict/cooperation. Results indicated no significant relationship between either perceptual incongruities or domain dissensus and the level of conflict found in the dyad, while a significant negative relationship was found between both perceptual incongruities and domain dissensus and the level of cooperation in the dyad.     

Economics at DG Competition 2006–2007

This paper discusses a number of significant developments in the enforcement activities of the Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission, during 2006–2007. It covers a selection of investigations as well as policy initiatives that have triggered a debate in terms of the underlying economics.     

浅析合伙企业在税收协定中的"缔约国居民"之身份

合伙企业是否为“缔约国居民”对税收协定的适用有重要影响。一般来说,合伙企业属于协定意义上的“人”,但并不意味着同时也属于“缔约国居民”,只有当合伙企业被视为纳税实体,对所得负有纳税义务时,才可能成为协定意义上的“缔约国居民”,此时合伙企业本身有资格享受协定优惠。如果合伙人就按份所得负有纳税义务,合伙企业被视为纳税虚体,则不是“缔约国居民”,其合伙人可以享受相关协定的优惠。     

Measures used to evaluate industrial marketing activities

Given the importance of controlling marketing efforts, a study was conducted of industrial manufacturers to determine the extent of their use of various measures to evaluate different marketing activities. The predominate measures used for evaluation were sales volume with much less utilization of profitability, productivity, and expense measures.