Why are Small Firms Different? Managers’ Views

Do incentives differ between large and small organizations? Results from a representative survey of compensation managers are used to shed light on the issues. I find that (i) small establishments rely less on pecuniary incentives, and have a significantly more hostile attitude towards incentive schemes based on competition and relative rewards; (ii) large units are more vulnerable to mechanisms of efficiency wages, effects that remain even after controlling for differences in monitoring ability; (iii) large units are more prone to indicate that negative reciprocity is important, and that their employees care about relative pay. I argue that these findings fit with behavioral stories of incentives and motivation, in particular those stressing group interaction effects, inequity aversion and gift exchange.     

国库集中支付操作风险产生机理的博弈分析

国库集中支付操作风险是指国库资金支付过程中出现违规操作行为的可能性。国库集中支付制度框架下财政资金支付活动是财政部门、预算单位、代理银行和人民银行共同参与的博弈过程。本文运用博弈理论首先分析国库集中支付操作风险产生的内在机理，然后剖析国库集中支付操作风险产生的外在博弈条件，最后从优化博弈条件出发，提出建立健全监督激励机制以防范国库集中支付操作风险的建议。     

高管海外背景与企业创新的关系及影响研究

随着经济全球化的发展,越来越多的人选择走出国门进行学业、工作深造,学习国外优秀的管理方法、工作经验和专业技术,而这些拥有海外背景的人才回国后会受到很多企业的青睐,他们一部分选择自己创业,一部分被企业聘用为企业高管。而创新是经济发展的第一动力,企业要发展离不开创新这一动力支撑,尤其是在现如今的互联网时代下的市场经济,只有创新才能让企业顺应市场的千变万化,它是一个企业发展和生存的动力,也是促进企业提高管理效率和生产效率的重要手段。作为企业的核心决策者和管理者,这些海外背景的高管与企业创新之间有着怎样的关系,他们具备的哪些优势能够对企业创新有正相关的影响,又该如何发挥高管的优势更好地为企业创新服务,将是本文探讨的重点。     

基于个性和动机模式的两性领导风格差异性的实证分析

自20世纪70年代以后,两性领导风格的差异问题一直是学术争论和理论研究的主题。本文以政府部门为例,借鉴心理学的概念和工具,从领导者个性和动机角度,通过实证分析的方法,解释了两性领导风格的差异性,也进一步支持了两性领导风格存在差异的观点。     

关于高校贫困生问题的思考

20世纪90年代中期以来,高校贫困生人数和比例迅速增长,高校贫困生现象日益突出,高校贫困生已经成为了一个新的引人注目的弱势群体。本文在分析了我国高校贫困生的现状、特点和原因的基础上,从政府、高校以及社会三个层面提出了切实解决贫困生问题的对策。     

Fear appeals and coping appeals for health product promotion: Impulsive purchasing or psychological distancing?

The prevalence of online health communities (OHCs) motivates health product companies to manipulate persuasion-based marketing strategies, including fear appeals and coping appeals, to promote health products. However, whether such a practice is effective remains unclear. Respondents may either impulsively purchase the recommended health products or simply distance themselves psychologically from the information. Building on protection motivation theory (PMT), this study uncovers the mechanisms behind these two coping responses to persuasive messages, namely, the impulsive purchasing and psychological distancing of OHC users. Correspondingly, we evaluated 366 valid questionnaires, and the results reveal that (1) when encountering fear appeals, perceived health threat can evoke cyberchondria, leading to psychological distancing; and (2) when encountering coping appeals, perceived response efficacy leads to product affection, fostering impulsive purchasing. This study provides new insights into the effects of persuasive messages for health product promotion in social commerce. Marketers should design appropriate persuasive messages to foster impulsive purchasing by generating individuals’ product affection and avoiding cyberchondria.     

Leisure,international retirement migration,and retirement adjustment: insights from the best exotic marigold hotel movies

ABSTRACT

International retirement migration (IRM) is a growing phenomenon linked to increased longevity, early retirement, and improved financial status. Encompassing both travel and leisure experiences, IRM is a topic relevant to both tourism and leisure studies. By analysing the fictional movie series The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012) and The Second Best Marigold Hotel (2015) from psychological, gerontological, and sociological theoretical perspectives, this paper examines motivation, goal setting, continuity and change, and identity development in IRM experiences within tourism and leisure contexts. This paper (a) identified motivations for IRM as finance, romantic relationships, social relations, self-esteem, self-fulfilment, and social norms; (b) in turn, time perception and attitude influence IRM emigrants’ priority and emotional fulfilment; (c) innovation extricates IRM emigrants from role loss and facilitates role change; and (d) IRM emigrants experience various identity development processes. A conceptual framework for IRM is proposed that purports to explain the IRM experience process and indicates that such an understanding of IRM should incorporate psychological, gerontological, and sociological perspectives.     

Different but Similar: Social Comparison of Travel Motives Among Tourists

Although previous research suggests that people prefer to think of themselves as being authentic (or individualistic) travellers rather than stereotyped tourists, there have been few studies investigating the external validity of such claim. This paper addresses this research gap by investigating tendencies to dissociate the self from typical tourists in terms of travel motivation. Findings suggest that people perceive their own travel motives to be different from those who they perceive as typical tourists and that these tendencies generalize across people involved in different forms of tourism. This paper discusses the results from a social psychological perspective and provides implications for future research and destination management alike. © 2014 The Authors. International Journal of Tourism Research published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从认知视角看网络语言的生成理据性

任何语言的发展都有其理据性,都是社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物。网络语言的产生是特定时代的产物,它的生成符合年轻人的心理需求,符合语言的经济原则,符合人类思维发展的规律。     

上市动机、投资者情绪与首次公开募股市场收益

文章以发行人筹资收益最大化为假设,对市场热季周期下发行人、承销商与投资人三者之间的博弈过程以及投资者情绪对首次公开募股(IPO)市场定价的影响机制进行研究.研究结果表明,发行人最优发行数量小于市场需求数量、承销商定价低于市场需求价格的目的在于确保发行成功和获取日后收益;投资者高亢的投资情绪可以对IPO市场短期收益正偏和长期收益负偏成为普遍现象进行解释.