关于研究生创新能力培养的几点思考

近些年来,我国的研究生教育发展迅速,招生规模扩大很快,随之而来的研究生的质量培养问题也日益凸显出来。在研究生培养过程中应注重的四个方面:高素质的导师队伍、完善的知识结构、开放自由的实验实践环境和良好的校园文化。     

Entrepreneurship,economic development and institutions

This paper is an introduction to the special issue from the 3rd Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Research Conference held in Washington, D.C., in 2008. The paper has three objectives. First, to discuss the importance of the three stages of economic development, the factor-driven stage, the efficiency-driven stage and the innovation-driven stage. Second, to examine the empirical evidence on the relationship between stages of economic development and entrepreneurship. Third, to present a summary of the papers in the context of the theory.

Innovation, R&D cooperation and labor recruitment: evidence from Finland

This article investigates the role played by one type of firm interaction, namely R&D cooperation, and also the acquisition of labor, in the promotion of industrial innovations. We employ a unique innovation dataset from Finland which combines firm specific information about the innovation performance of the firms along with their individual characteristics, as well as firm specific information regarding the origins of their recent labor acquisitions. Analyzing this data allows us to identify the different roles which the knowledge spillovers and labor markets play in the innovation process. Our results suggest that small firms are generally more innovative than large firms; R&D cooperation is an essential feature of innovation, but the variety of cooperation is of little importance; and labor acquisition appears to be only of limited importance for innovation.

Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation

Based on a random sample of 500 South Yorkshire non-hi-tech manufacturing small, medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) the quantitative findings support the hypothesis that size, strategic, and market orientation associate with innovation. The results show that prospectors are medium-sized companies and small companies, defenders. Prospectors are more innovative and market-oriented than defenders. The findings reveal that to succeed in an intense competitive environment, non-hi-tech manufacturing SMEs have to be proactive toward market opportunities, receptive to innovation and take the lead in new product innovation. However, their weaknesses include a lack of flexibility, a partial open culture and an organizational structure that impedes sustained innovation. This study addresses a gap in the literature, by linking innovation to the strategic orientation of the firm instead of examining firms' specific characteristics or the effects of external environment and structural factors. The research focuses on non-hi-tech manufacturing SMEs.     

A Tale of Two Cities: Case Studies of Group Support Systems Transition

Research shows that, under certain circumstances, people using GSS can be substantially more productive than people who do not. However GSS has been slow to transition into the workplace. This paper argues that the Technology Transition Model (TTM) may be a useful way to explain this seeming paradox. The paper presents a case study of GSS transition in two organizations – one where a self-sustaining and growing community of users emerged, and one where it did not. Following TTM, it explores the frequency with which users perceived cognitive, economic, affective, political, social, and physical value from using the system. Comparison of the cases reveals differences in perceptions of value along several of these dimensions that are consistent with TTM. The findings suggest the model may be a useful way to explain the transition of collaboration technology, but more research will be required to test the model more rigorously.     

电子市场与企业采购:任务与技术的协合

采购是影响一个企业赢利的关键环节。电子市场作为一种完全不同于传统市场的、新兴的、虚拟的、依赖于互联网发展的新型市场,是电子商务的一种重要模式。本文认为,电子市场所具有的聚集功能、撮合交易功能和支持交易功能,能够支持企业除内部需求识别之外所有的采购任务,电子市场与企业采购之间有较高的协合程度。文章指出,电子市场将促进企业采购模式向电子化采购模式转化,大大降低企业的采购成本,提高企业的采购效率。它代表了电子商务未来发展的主流模式,并将成为企业采购的重要渠道。     

知识密集型服务企业的知识创新体系

文章指出,基于专业知识储备提供满足客户需求的解决方案,是知识密集型服务企业(KIBS)的一大特征,而知识的储备与恰当运用是KIBS固本强基的两个重要方面。文章提出了一个以KIBS为主角,以客户群组为协作方,以外部知识源为参与方,以联系这三大要素的知识反馈与升华机制为保障的KIBS知识创新体系模型,为知识密集型服务企业做好固本强基工作提供参考。     

企业对外投资的“双轨模式”——基于浙江企业的研究

本文根据浙江企业对外投资目标模式的实际和存在的问题,提出了基于目标区域选择的对外投资“双轨模式”:在向发达地区(主要指发达工业国家和地区)投资时,应以创立品牌和技术创新为主要目标;在向欠发达地区(主要指除发达地区以外的地区)投资时应以扩大市场为主要目标,且两种模式的对外投资相辅相成、互通有无。文中还分别分析了两种模式的动因及其相应的策略选择。     

关于国际技术扩散对我国贸易竞争优势影响的思考

在经济全球化的进程中,一国的技术进步不仅依赖于本国的创新,而且还需要充分利用他国的先进技术资源,并通过各种渠道的技术扩散和技术外溢来促进本国的技术进步与经济增长,从而在国际市场上提升本国的贸易竞争优势。结合我国现状从宏观和微观两个角度分析了国际技术扩散对我国贸易竞争优势的影响。     

基于SNS的企业群体知识创新交互研究

群体知识创新是目前知识创新发展的重要方式,SNS为促进知识创新提供了虚拟网络环境。本文介绍了SNS的特点,分析了当前技术环境下群体学习模式的变化以及群体交互学习与企业知识创新的关系,提出了企业群体行为的概念结构,构建了基于SNS的群体学习交互机制。