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61.
Micael Castanheira 《Economics of Transition》2003,11(3):435-462
We develop a general equilibrium model that jointly considers the influence of capital accumulation constraints and of labour market frictions on the process of transition. We endogenize the economic and budgetary costs of different government policies and show that, early in transition, governments ought to subsidize state firms. Provided that intertemporal commitment is feasible, this policy limits the initial output fall, which relaxes capital accumulation constraints, accelerates transition, and increases welfare. Moreover, by resorting to indirect – instead of direct – taxes, governments can bring the path of transition closer to the first best. Yet, political pressures may induce a policy of suboptimal subsidization. 相似文献
62.
Xuexin Li Ruoyi Li 《美中经济评论(英文版)》2004,3(7):69-73
This essay proposes the concrete view that China's strategy of utilizing foreign capitals to adjust again on the foundation of explaining new characteristics of international capital circulation, namely, expanding the foreign investments of the service trade, strengthening efforts to attract outside investment of the Midwest, attracting trans-corporation's investment, etc., Chinese enterprises actively move towards overseas investment and create the policy environment that can contribute to absorbing the foreign capitals as well as making national economy benefit from it. 相似文献
63.
Managerial Equity Ownership and the Demand for Outside Directors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines the linkage between the use of outside directors and managerial ownership. We conjecture there are two linkages: the standard incentive‐alignment demand for monitoring when managers own little stock and an entrenchment‐amelioration demand when managerial stock ownership is high. As a consequence, we predict the association between managerial ownership and board composition will be nonlinear (U‐shaped if the entrenchment effect is sufficiently pronounced). Using UK data, we find that both quadratic and logarithmic models outperform the simple linear relationship assumed in prior research and that the substitution between managerial ownership and board composition is stronger than hitherto supposed. 相似文献
64.
创新是当今世界发展的主题,科学创新是创新链条的初环,研究科学创新的动力系统成为一种必然.科学创新的人文内涵表现在各种人文要素对其影响上,这些结构要素的系统动力学效应成为科学创新的动力源泉.这些人文要素大体包括哲学、宗教、政治制度、法律、社会道德、文学和艺术等.它们主要从诱发基本观念、规范、情感三个角度对科学创新产生影响. 相似文献
65.
2004年起我国将在五年内取消农业税,并对粮食生产予以一定的补贴,这是我国税费改革中一件历史意义的大事,必将对我国农村经济的发展产生重大而深远的影响.为此,必须正确认识税费改革的意义,为要保证改革成功应坚持减轻农民负担、实事求是、走群众路线三条原则,正确处理各方面关系. 相似文献
66.
67.
Lasse Mitronen 《Industrial Marketing Management》2003,32(5):419-429
Hybrid organisations present important theoretical and managerial opportunities. We examine a large Finnish multichain retail organisation in order to identify and understand the challenges of hybrids in a retailing context. We are especially interested in how these complex firms try to maintain a balance between the centralised corporate control and the local autonomy and initiative of their retailers. The governance forms and processes identified in the case organisation are discussed with the help of a proposed conceptual framework. We believe that the identified governance problems and practices in the three different retail chains and especially our recommendations will facilitate the understanding of retail hybrid organisations and the management of hybrids in general. 相似文献
68.
辛向前 《中央财经大学学报》2003,(12):69-71
产权是一个社会的基本经济规则,它从根本上决定经济的组织和效率。知识产权是现代经济增长的基本因素,与企业制度的安排从而与市场效率有关。对现代经济来讲,知识产权最重要的实现形式是企业制度的安排,同时企业制度也是重要的保护知识产权的方式,法律上的保护更多的是事后救济。 相似文献
69.
In his 1960 book, Sraffa suggested using a composite commodity,which he called the Standard commodity, to solveRicardo's search for an invariable measure of value, i.e., astandard capable of isolating the price movements of any othercommodity induced by changes in income distribution. The absencein Sraffa's book of an explicit proof of the invariance propertyof this standard gave rise to many misunderstandings about itsmeaning and its role as an invariable measure of value. In orderto clear up these questions, Bellino (On Sraffa's Standard commodity,Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 28, 12132, 2004)has proposed a proper definition of an invariablemeasure of value, showing that Sraffa's Standard commoditydoes fulfil the requirements of this definition. He claims thatthe fulfilment of this property (but not the constancy of itsnominal price) qualifies the Standard commodityas an invariable measure of value. In this paper, a proof ofthe invariance of the price of the Standard commodity with respectto changes in income distribution is given, and the equivalenceof this property with Bellino's definition of invariance isshown. 相似文献
70.
This study shows that firms in the pharmaceutical industry experience decreasing returns to scale in R & D as the level of R & D expenditures rises. The paper presents the results of our study of the innovative output of 16 pharmaceutical firms over a 19 year period. Given the strong correlation between R & D budgets and firm size, our study suggests the wave of mergers in the industry may yield less innovative productivity than managers expect. 相似文献