Transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge in the development of organic agriculture in Switzerland

The present study analyses transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge in the development of organic farming in Switzerland by using Fleck's theory of thought styles and thought collectives. Three different phases can be identified throughout the historical development. The initial phase lasting from the beginning of the 1920s to the early 1970s contains numerous characteristics of diverse well-established definitions and concepts of transdisciplinarity and represents a successful transdisciplinary process, which has not been perceived as such in the past and present scientific discussion. The second and third phases show an increasing segregation of thought collectives, caused by internal changes such as the establishment of specialised research institutions and external processes like agriculture policy and market development. These developments led to a decreasing degree of transdisciplinarity. We observe an ambiguous trend: the continuously growing and today well-established positive societal recognition of an initially rather little accepted newcomer movement is associated with the gradual loss of its very valuable forms of knowledge co-production and the related philosophical background. In order to maintain the various forms of transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge, one has to reflect not only their results or outcome but also the whole cooperation process, which has led to these results. The understanding of the historical development and characteristic features of knowledge co-production as presented in this study will help to reinforce transdisciplinary research in organic agriculture and research on transdisciplinarity in general.     

当代研究生思想道德建设思考——于毛泽东的伦理思想启示

新时期,研究生的思想观念、行为方式等出现了多元化和复杂化的趋势,其思想道德教育正面临着严峻的挑战。在学习实践科学发展观的的今天,毛泽东的伦理思想对当代研究生的思想道德教育仍然起着举足轻重的作用。     

试析建国初期毛泽东国际战略思想

毛泽东国际战略思想是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶,在国际上具有深远的影响。新中国建国初期受各种势力的影响,中国国际关系比较紧张,毛泽东实事求是地提出了具有战略指导作用的思想,这在很大程度上巩固了我国国家主权的独立,维护了国家的发展。     

我国法官职业化思维的塑造

我国传统法官没有形成职业化的思维模式,要完成思维转型应当选取适合我国国情的渐进式改革模式,不能滞后,也不能盲目超前。     

毛泽东著作在毛泽东思想概论教学中的运用

毛泽东著作是毛泽东思想的重要理论宝库。毛泽东思想概论课程在课程内容和教学目的上的特点决定了选读毛泽东著作是课程教学不可或缺的内容和环节。正确处理选读毛泽东著作与毛泽东思想概论课程之间的关系 ,对于提高大学生的理论素养和提升课程教学效果具有重要意义。     

The case for management history

This article defines the case for treating management history as a discrete subject area, although one closely related to business, accounting, labour, and industrial history. It seeks to concentrate on the nature, process, and practice of management as an activity within the organization, and to argue that it is important that modern British managers understand the intellectual and cultural roots of their profession, since without these they will tend to be swayed by short-term management 'fads'. Within the broad topic there are several identifiable sub-areas for potential exploration, including the comparative historical development of management between different countries, management institutions, managerial careers and labour markets, management structures, management skills, and management thought and theory.     

高职院校开好《毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论》课的系统思考

高职院校在《毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论》课的开设上,有其区别于本科院校的不同特点,欲使这一课程教学真正发挥实效,必须认真把握教材,研究学生特点,实施有效方法,提高课程吸引力,增强感染力。“从现实出发、从学生出发、从问题出发”,实行“双纲导教、双堂施教,双项考核”,是适应高职学生的行之有效的教学方法。     

试论邓小平哲学思想的精髓及其基本特点

哲学是一个时代精神的精华。新的时代、新的国情、新的历史任务使邓小平的哲学思想具有新的特点。哲学不仅是哲学观点的总和，更重要的是它表现为一种思维能力，这种能力和艺术展现出了独特的思维方式。中国的改革和现代化建设与邓小平的哲学思想和思维方式有着紧密的联系。研究和探讨邓小平的哲学思想的精髓及其基本特点，对于我们建设有中国特色社会主义具有重大的意义。     

中国古代劳动正义思想及其现代启示

中国古代有丰富的劳动正义思想：保障“制民之产”,落实土地“均”、“正”,践行“薄其税敛”,重视按“劳”各得其分,尝试“与民分货”,倡导“取于民有制”。保障“制民之产”是抓住了保障劳动正义的根本;落实土地“均”、“正”是践行劳动正义的基础;践行“薄其税敛”是落实劳动正义的重要举措;重视按“劳”各得其分是实践劳动正义的中心环节;尝试“与民分货”是推进劳动正义的必要补充;倡导“取于民有制”是改善劳动正义的重要措施。在社会主义和谐社会建设过程中,要确保劳动者对劳动资料的所有权、促进劳动者起点的公平、落实劳动者对劳动成果的正当占有权、尊重劳动者对公共产品的平等享受权、推进劳动者履行义务的程序正义。     

程序设计与学生思维品质的培养

程序设计是将理论与实践相结合的面向未来的计算机教育,着眼于培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力,本文从几方面阐述培养学生思维品质的方法及其在提高程序设计能力方面所起到的重要作用。