江苏省高新技术产业园区科创效率及影响因素

基于2016—2020年江苏省国家高新区面板数据,运用数据包络分析（DEA）和Malmquist指数对江苏省国家高新区的静态和动态效率进行测算,并采用面板Tobit模型,探索影响江苏省国家高新区科创效率的原因。结果表明：江苏省国家高新区整体科创效率水平不高,规模效率低于纯技术效率,技术因素起到主要作用;全要素生产率总体稳定,大多高新区的技术进步指数提升但规模效率下降;地区开放程度对江苏省高新区科创效率有显著的正向影响;研发经费投入力度和经济发展水平有显著的负向影响。据此,可以从提升创新资源利用效率、提高对外开放水平、优化资源配置等方面完善,从而有效提高江苏省国家高新区科创效率。     

草地确权对牧户草地转入的影响

确权政策的实施稳定了地权,保障了牧户的产权权益。基于内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟、鄂尔多斯市和乌兰察布市的调研数据,运用Tobit回归模型得出以下结论：确权对于牧户草地转入具有显著的抑制作用;户主特征中性别、年龄对于土地转入作用不显著,受教育程度具有显著的促进作用;家庭特征中家庭收入、家庭承包草场面积和牲畜存栏量对于草场转入具有显著的促进作用。     

Who buys newspapers in Spain? An analysis of the determinants of the probability to buy newspapers and of the amount spent

In this paper, we examine the determinants of household consumption of newspapers and the amount spent on their purchase by considering several explanatory variables related to household characteristics and the main household wage earner. Results show that the variables have quite similar effects on both the relative probability of buying newspapers and the amount spent. The key variables are the age and occupational status of the main wage earner, the number of household members, income and having to pay for the house, as well as a number of geographical variables. However, certain differences are also observed. The most important is the education of the main wage earner: while its effect on buying newspapers is very small (only those who did not complete primary education are less likely to buy), its effect on the amount spent increases with the level of education. As other studies of cultural goods and services consumption have suggested, education and occupational status are more relevant determinants than income.     

Dynamic efficiency assessment of the Chinese hotel industry

The paper introduces for the first time a totally dynamic two-stage approach to analyzing the hotel industry's technical efficiency at the sub-national level. The first stage uses data envelopment window analysis (DEWA) to assess regional hotel sectors' technical efficiency over time. Unlike previous studies, the second stage uses a dynamic Tobit model to investigate the impact of macro contextual factors on the hotel sector efficiency. The study chooses the Chinese hotel industry during the period 2001-2006 as its application setting. The findings of the investigation indicate that the Chinese hotel industry is approaching an efficient operation in general, recovering from a major dip in 2003 resulting from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak. In addition, the study introduces a novel two-dimensional efficiency-based matrix to assess the competitive advantage of different regions of the Chinese hotel sector. The paper presents strategic market implications for hoteliers, government decision-makers, and destination management organizations. The proposed methods are applicable for situations in which an exogenous event of a destabilizing impact (e.g., SARS) does occur.     

Are ‘New’ Donors Different? Comparing the Allocation of Bilateral Aid Between nonDAC and DAC Donor Countries

Major DAC donors are widely criticized for weak targeting of aid, selfish aid motives, and insufficient coordination. The emergence of an increasing number of new donors may further complicate the coordination of international aid efforts. At the same time, it is open to question whether new donors (many of which were aid recipients until recently) are more altruistic and provide better targeted aid according to need and merit. Project-level data on aid by new donors, as collected by the AidData initiative, allow for empirical analyses comparing the allocation behavior of new versus old donors. We employ Probit and Tobit models and test for significant differences in the distribution of aid by new and old donors across recipient countries. We find that, on average, new donors care less for recipient need than old donors. New and old donors behave similarly in several respects, however. They disregard merit by not taking the level of corruption in recipient countries into account. Concerns that commercial self-interest distorts the allocation of aid seem to be overblown for both groups.     

我国商业银行效率影响因素的实证研究

本文应用DEA方法得到的各商业银行的效率值作为因变量,构建Tobit回归模型,研究影响商业银行效率的主要因素,进而提出了提高我国商业银行效率水平和竞争力的相关建议。通过本文的研究,主要得出如下结论:产权结构、创新程度、总资产收益率指标和银行效率显著正相关,总资产规模、成本收入比、股权集中度与银行效率显著负相关,其中总资产收益率对银行效率的影响最大。     

环境规制对企业生产率有好处吗？——来自企业层面数据的证据

利用2006年1000多家中国企业的调查数据,采用最小二乘法和Tobit模型实证研究了环境规制对企业生产率的影响及机制。结果表明环境规制本身与企业生产率之间存在着稳定、显著的正向关系;环境规制强度与企业生产率之间也存在着稳定、显著的正向关系;不同规模和不同地理位置的企业其生产率呈现不同的表现,企业对环境成本上升带来的消化能力有差异。经过稳健性检验,研究结论也依然成立。     

生态文明建设背景财政扶持、林权改革对林业生产效率的影响

基于2000—2016年中国省际面板数据,利用DEA-Malmquist指数法对中国林业生产效率的区域差异和时序变化进行研究,运用面板Tobit模型检验财政扶持对林业生产效率的影响并验证林权改革对二者关系的调节作用。研究发现:在生态文明建设背景下,林业生产效率存在显著的区域差异;技术进步对于全要素生产率的提升起到重要推进作用;财政扶持与林权改革均对林业生产效率产生了正向影响,但林权改革并没有对财政扶持与林业生产效率的关系产生积极调节作用。因此,各省份应当通过加大政府扶持力度、优化投资方式、深化集体林权制度改革等措施促进林业生产效率提升。     

农业综合开发、农技推广培训与农机购置补贴效率

农机购置补贴是中国推动农业机械化最重要的支持政策。本文通过DEA Tobit模型测算了全国30个省份2004—2012年购置补贴政策的综合技术效率、纯技术效率和规模效率,并着重分析了农业综合开发和农技推广培训对补贴效率的影响机制。研究结果表明,全国农机购置补贴政策的综合技术效率水平不高,主要是由于纯技术效率过低;各省份之间的效率值存在较大差异,但规模效率普遍较高;实证结果显示补贴政策实施方式的优化以及农机从业人员的素质对补贴效率有显著的促进作用,但是农业综合开发和农技综合培训却并没有达到理论分析的预期效果。本文对以上问题做出了解释,并给出政策建议。     

基于DEA-Tobit模型的马铃薯生产效率分析——以甘肃省定西市为例

随着社会的进步和农村经济的发展,农业生产效率已成为制约农民收入、造成农村落后的关键因素。中国是马铃薯的生产大国,其生产效率的提高对我国马铃薯产业的持续发展和保障我国的粮食安全有着很重要的意义。研究基于2014年对甘肃省定西市样本农户马铃薯种植的调查数据,采用DEA模型测算农户种植马铃薯的生产效率,并利用Tobit模型对影响马铃薯生产效率的因素进行分析。研究表明:农户生产马铃薯的综合技术效率较低,规模效率成为制约其生产效率提升的瓶颈;家庭纯收入、马铃薯的种植比例和引进新品种3个变量在0.01水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著;户主的年纪在0.05水平下对生产效率的影响达到显著;马铃薯的收购价格、农户是否参加合作社和种植培训、离农贸市场距离与马铃薯的生产效率间存在不显著的正相关关系。基于以上调研提出了鼓励土地流转、提高生产技术水平、加大农民生产技能培训力度、多方面增加农民收入和合理布局农产品贸易市场等政策性建议。