Incentive Regulation of Prices When Costs are Sunk

We present a model featuring irreversible investment, economies of scale, uncertain future demand and capital prices, and a regulator who sets the firm’s output price according to the cost structure of a hypothetical replacement firm. We show that a replacement firm has a fundamental cost advantage over the regulated firm: it can better exploit the economies of scale because it has not had to confront the historical uncertainties faced by the regulated firm. We show that setting prices so low that a replacement firm is just willing to participate is insufficient to allow the regulated firm to expect to break even whenever it has to invest. Thus, unless the regulator is willing to incur costly monitoring to ensure the firm invests, revenue must be allowed in excess of that required for a replacement firm to participate. This contrasts with much of the existing literature, which argues that the market value of a regulated firm should equal the cost of replacing its existing assets. We also obtain a closed-form solution for the regulated firm’s output price when this price is set at discrete intervals. In contrast to rate of return regulation, we find that resetting the regulated price more frequently can increase the risk faced by the firm’s owners, and that this is reflected in a higher output price and a higher weighted-average cost of capital.     

出生缺陷地理风险因子的空间分析

出生缺陷是影响人口出生质量最重要的因素。大量研究表明,出生缺陷仅仅靠单纯的生物医学研究还不够,多学科的交叉研究是有效探讨出生缺陷病因和预防的唯一出路。利用北京大学人口环境健康组调查数据,分类了能够在地理空间上归属的出生缺陷风险因素,将这些因素存在的空间相关性进行了传统统计分析方法不适宜的风险因子与出生缺陷统计因果之间的研究。探讨了空间分析技术在出生缺陷的地理风险因子研究的一般步骤与关键技术,为出生缺陷研究提供了新的思路。     

Regulatory and environmental effects on public transit efficiency: a mixed DEA-SFA approach

This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O. Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies, the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public transit networks.      

财务会计信息与公司治理

财务会计系统不但给公司控制机制提供直接的财务信息,而且还提供股票价格中反映的所有间接信息。会计治理研究中的一个基本目标是为财务会计提供的信息,在多大程度上减缓由所有权和经营权两权分离所带来的代理问题,以及减少信息不对称问题提供证据。本文着重探讨财务会计信息在公司治理机制中的作用,公司治理机制对财务会计信息反作用的互动研究,并提出了公司治理的对策。     

四川与东盟旅游服务产业内贸易的核心因素初探

中国-东盟自由贸易区的建设为四川旅游业的发展带来了历史性的契机。在此背景下,四川如何抓住机遇,携手东盟,共谋发展成为了一个研究热点。本文以产业内贸易的视角来观察四川与东盟的旅游业发展状况,运用产业内贸易相关理论分析了影响四川与东盟旅游服务产业内贸易的核心因素,提出了区位条件、产品差异化、需求相似、区域经济协作和规模经济可以提升四川与东盟旅游服务产业内贸易水平,双方可以在较高的产业内贸易水平下,实现共赢。     

城市化的区域发展效应研究

从城市化对区域发展的效应理论分析入手,对吉林省城市化的区域发展效应现状进行剖析,总结了城市化区域发展效应发挥的障碍因素,最后提出了城市化区域发展效应增强的对策。     

商业银行个人客户满意度影响因素的实证分析

随着竞争的加剧、金融管制的放松和信息技术的发展,对客户需求的满足能力是商业银行可持续发展的关键所在。本文采用定性与定量的研究方法,分析了影响个人客户满意程度的因素。研究结果表明:银行的服务、银行的形象、银行提供的金融产品及银行营业网点的便利性,是影响个人客户满意程度的主要因素。在此基础上,比较了国内五家商业银行在这些重要因素上的表现,并提出了提高银行个人客户满意程度的相关建议。     

物流中心选址的影响因素分析及案例

运用现代物流及城市规划原理，对物流中心选址的原则及影响因素进行系统的分析研究，并在此基础上提出了物流中心选址的方法及注意事项。最后用“廊坊国际物流中心选址”案例对选址方法进行验证。     

Keynes, uncertainty and interest rates

Uncertainty plays an important role in The General Theory, particularlyin the theory of interest rates. Keynes did not provide a theoryof uncertainty, but he did make some enlightening remarks aboutthe direction he thought such a theory should take. I arguethat some modern innovations in the theory of probability allowus to build a theory which captures these Keynesian insights.If this is the right theory, however, uncertainty cannot carryits weight in Keynes's arguments. This does not mean that theconclusions of these arguments are necessarily mistaken; intheir best formulation they may succeed with merely an appealto risk.     

企业技术创新行为的内部因素研究

企业技术创新行为是多种合力共同作用的结果，而企业内部环境是其主要影响因素之一。从管理体系、组织目标、资金技术条件、企业文化等几方面入手，阐述了内部环境因素对技术创新行为的影响。