When China strikes: Quantifying Australian companies' stock price responses to China's trade restrictions

In early 2020, China, Australia's top export market, unilaterally imposed trade restrictions on Australian barley, beef, coal, cotton, timber, copper and wine. However, convincing evidence regarding the effects of such trade restrictions on firms is scarce. Leveraging data on daily stock returns from 20 listed Australian and 32 listed Chinese firms that produce the restricted commodities, we provide the first systematic analysis of the firm-level economic impacts of China's trade restrictions on Australian and Chinese firms. We find significant adverse effects on Australian firms' stock returns, leading to almost 20% loss within 10 trading days; however, most firms' stock returns immediately rebounded. In contrast, Chinese firms usually saw significant positive stock returns, leading to almost 30% gains, and the positive abnormal returns continuously increased within 10 trading days. Media coverage and trade dependence substantially impact Australian and Chinese firms' stock returns—industries with stronger trade dependence on China saw greater losses in Australian firms' stock returns. Our results suggest that trade reallocation and deflection are two effective mitigation mechanisms for Australian exporters facing China's trade restrictions.     

经济政策不确定性、金融稳定与经济波动——基于TVP-SV-VAR模型的动态分析

当前形势复杂多变，调控政策的实施会影响经济金融平稳运行。运用TVP-SV-VAR模型分析经济政策不确定性、金融稳定与经济波动三者之间的时变关系。结果表明：经济政策不确定性对金融稳定的影响具有时变特征。在经济平稳期，经济政策不确定性升高会降低金融稳定性；在经济不平稳期间，经济政策不确定性升高反而会提升金融稳定性。经济波动与金融稳定之间的影响效应存在非对称性。监管当局需完善宏观调控跨周期设计和调节机制，确保经济平稳运行。     

具有诊断功能的页面置换算法

在动态页式管理过程中,当物理内存中没有空闲页面时,需要通过页面置换算法把当前在内存中的页面与当前访问的页进行置换。一个好的置换算法应该充分考虑到整个访问序列的缺页率,以及是否会发生Belady(异常)现象。本文在常用的置换算法基础上加入页面诊断功能,实验证明,加入诊断功能后的置换算法,比传统的置换算法在缺页率上有所提高,异常现象有所改善。     

The impact of macroprudential policies on the transmission of shocks across financially integrated countries

We study the implications of macroprudential policies across countries on the transmission of shocks when international investment activities are allowed. In a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model in which international investors are borrowing constrained and pledge international assets, we introduce a time-varying loan-to-value (LTV) ratio that adjusts to the variation of three different financial vulnerability indicators. We examine the effect of these policies on negative productivity and borrowing capacity shocks. Although time-varying LTV ratios reduce the international propagation of the productivity shock, their response to the shock depends on the financial vulnerability indicator with which the LTV ratio changes. With a productivity shock, the adjustment of the LTV ratio to the deviation of credit or asset price helps to reverse the negative impact of the shock. With a financial shock, LTV ratios varying with a deviation of credit-to-GDP ratio or aggregate credit can mitigate the impact of a negative financial shock. Adjustment of the LTV ratios reduces the fluctuation of international investors' balance sheets, investment, and productivity. We find that countries improve their welfare when time-varying LTV ratios are in place. The magnitude of the welfare gain differs with both the financial vulnerability indicator and the shock.     

The consequences of earnings management for the acquisition premium in friendly takeovers

This study investigates the effect of earnings management (EM) on deal premiums in friendly takeovers. It examines both accruals and real EM in the year preceding the deal announcement, based on a sample of 578 European firms subject to an acquisition or acquisition attempt between 2005 and 2015. The empirical findings suggest that downward EM is associated with a higher premium offered by the acquirer. The results suggest that income-decreasing accounting choices could be a negotiated strategy between the acquirer and target firms’ managers to clean the balance sheet, reduce the likelihood of litigation, and create a fictive performance through an accrual reversal post-acquisition.     

A Simple Approach to Better Distinguish Real Earnings Manipulation from Strategy Changes*

Researchers typically infer real earnings management when a firm's operating and investing activities differ from industry norms. A significant problem with classifying deviations from industry averages as myopic earnings management is that companies can change their operating and investing decisions for strategic business reasons rather than to mislead stakeholders. Using principal components analysis, we systematically evaluate existing measures and develop a comprehensive real activities measure to better capture earnings manipulation. Our measure reflects (i) deviations from industry averages across multiple activities and (ii) other signals of manipulation. This approach is promising because, although there are many sources of abnormal activities, manipulation is more likely the cause when managers engage in multiple income-increasing abnormal activities that coincide with other signals that indicate an elevated risk of manipulation. This simple approach results in a metric that associates negatively with future operating performance and earnings persistence, yields high-power tests, and captures manipulation reasonably well across most life-cycle stages. Importantly, this approach performs better than the standard real earnings management metrics across all dimensions. Specifically, it generates the expected reduction in future earnings and reduced earnings persistence in 82% of the tests compared to 36% and 46% in common alternatives. Also, because this innovation does not require a long time-series or rely on future period realizations for classification, it can be useful in more research settings than other recent innovations in the literature.     

政府审计、监管问询函与异常审计收费

以我国2008—2019年与政府审计的央企集团共用注册会计师的A股民营上市公司作为研究样本，基于行为一致性理论探讨了政府审计、监管问询函与异常审计收费三者的关系。研究发现：政府审计能够显著减少异常审计收费；在对异常审计收费的监管中，对于民营上市公司而言，政府审计这一“事前”监管与问询函这一“事后”监管存在替代效应；政府审计对异常审计收费的影响以及政府审计与监管问询函的替代效应在“十大”会计师事务所的样本中更为显著。研究丰富了政府审计、民营上市公司监管以及异常审计费用三个方面的研究，为促进注册会计师行业自律以及民营上市公司高质量发展提供了理论参考。     

蔬菜批发价格波动特征的分解与比较：山东寿光例证

运用Census X12季节调整法和H-P滤波法对山东寿光20种蔬菜批发价格波动进行了季节性、趋势性、周期性和不规则要素分解，并对20种蔬菜价格波动特征表现出的异同进行了比较分析。结果显示：所有蔬菜价格都存在季节性波动，大多数蔬菜价格表现出了一致的季节性波动形态，对同一外部冲击表现出一致的波动方向，且表现出缓慢上升的态势；蔬菜价格波动受不规则因素的影响较大；不同种类蔬菜价格表现出了不同的周期性波动特征。     

我国水产品进口贸易波动研究

随着我国人民生活水平及消费水平的提高,对水产品的需求不断增加。因此,本文首先对1995~2017年我国水产品进口贸易现状进行分析,并应用CMS模型对我国水产品进口贸易波动进行实证分析,探索水产品进口贸易增长成因,检验水产品进口与世界进口规模间的关系,据此为促进我国水产品进口贸易的可持续发展提出相关建议。研究结果表明：世界经济的发展及我国较强的进口引力是促进我国水产品进口贸易增长的关键因素,而进口产品结构及市场分布的不合理阻碍了我国水产品进口贸易的增长。因此,应协调世界经济发展,优化水产品进口贸易品种结构及市场结构,加强国际交流与协作,进而推进水产品进口贸易及国内产业的可持续发展。     

乡村振兴背景下蔬菜价格波动因素分析及预测

近年来在农产品批发市场上，蔬菜价格波动幅度较大。将影响蔬菜价格的因素划分为供给、需求、流通、气候和其他5大类，构建Lasso-SVM最优组合预测模型预测蔬菜价格。研究结果表明：人民币汇率、新冠感染者月均增加人数、气温平均值、农业生产价格资料指数、农产品生产价格指数、劳动日工价、物质与服务费用、用工成本和蔬菜播种面积对蔬菜价格影响较大；对比多种预测模型发现，Lasso-SVM模型组合预测蔬菜价格准确度高、性能稳定。