Bargaining with asymmetric information in non-stationary markets

Summary. The Rubinstein and Wolinsky bargaining-in-markets framework is modified by the introduction of asymmetric information and non-stationarity. Non-stationarity is introduced in the form of an arbitrary stochastic Markov process which captures the dynamics of market entry and pairwise matching. A new technique is used for establishing existence and characterizing the unique outcome of a non-stationary market equilibrium. The impact of market supply and demand on bilateral bargaining outcomes and matching probabilities is explored. The results are useful for examining such questions as why coordination failures and macroeconomic output fluctuations are correlated with real and monetary shocks. Received: July 22, 1994; revised version: January 21, 1998     

一起套管末屏电容量测量异常变化原因的分析

套管试验作为验证变压器性能是否符合有关标准或技术条件的试验项目,以对变压器主绝缘和电容式套管末屏对地绝缘电阻、套管介质损耗、电容量和局部放电量等的检测为主。本文针对某变电站一起套管末屏电容量测量异常变化原因进行了分析。     

我国产业结构升级对经济波动的熨平效应分析

本文基于时变参数模型的经验研究表明,改革开放以来我国产业结构升级对经济波动平稳化趋势有着显著的熨平效应,并且随着产业结构升级的不断推进,这种熨平作用亦趋明显。TGARCH模型的深入分析发现三大产业对我国经济波动幅度的影响是非对称性的:第一产业波动对经济总量波动几乎没有影响;第二产业波动对经济总量波动存在杠杆效应,而这种杠杆效应主要是由重工业带来的;但第三产业波动对经济总量波动存在明显的熨平作用,交通运输仓储和邮政业、住宿餐饮业及除五大类之外的其他服务业对经济波动的熨平效应最为显著,而批发零售业、金融业和房地产业因其自身的波动较大,对经济总量波动的熨平效应较小。本文结论的政策性启示是,为保持我国国民经济的平稳化增长势头,必须进一步优化三大产业之间的关系,深入推进产业结构升级,特别是要加快第三产业发展。     

IPO首日超额收益:基于抑价和溢价的研究综述

从一级市场抑价和二级市场溢价两个角度时IPO首日超额收益的相关研究进行了综述,并为我国IPO首日超额收益提供了新的解释.基于信息不对称,一级市场抑价解释认为IPO首日超额收益是发行抑价的结果,是对投资者面临的风险或者提供私有信息的补偿;在对称信息下,抑价是股权选择的一种均衡机制,也是发行人和投资者行为偏差的影响结果;基于行为金融,二级市场溢价解释认为噪声交易者的存在使IPO上市首目交易价格偏离了内在价值,产生了二级市场溢价.     

Bid-Ask Spreads,Information Asymmetry,and Abnormal Investor Sentiment: Evidence from Closed-End Funds

Using a sample of closed-end equity funds listed on the NYSE from 1994 to 1999, we investigate differences in spreads and adverse selection costs between the closed-end funds and a matched sample of common stocks. We find that spreads and adverse selection costs for the closed-end funds are significantly lower than those of control stocks. The results are consistent for the subperiods both before and after the minimum tick size change on NYSE on June 24, 1997. The differences of spreads and adverse selection costs cannot be attributed to the differences in the characteristics of the closed-end funds and the matched sample of common stocks. Lastly, we find that abnormal investor sentiment and adverse selection costs of closed-end funds are positively correlated over time.     

The Expiration Effects of Stock-Index Derivatives: Empirical Evidence from the Taiwan Futures Exchange

Five index derivatives with the same expiration days, settlement days, and settlement systems have been consecutively traded on the Taiwan Futures Exchange (TAIFEX) since 1998. This paper examines the expiration effects of TAIFEX index derivatives on the underlying stock market between 1998 and 2002. Our empirical findings show no significant expiration effects on the expiration day, but evidence demonstrates that expiration effects have strengthened as more relative index derivatives are listed on the TAIFEX. Meanwhile, the expiration effects seem to shift to the opening of the settlement day. In general, the expiration effects in Taiwan are not as significant as those in U.S. markets but are stronger than those in the Hong Kong market. The special settlement procedures adopted by the TAIFEX may account for the difference.     

Small firms and the value of improvements in corporate governance mechanisms

Since 2002, many firms have been required to alter their board of directors and committees to increase management monitoring. Kinney and McDaniel (1989) and Chhaochharia and Grinstein (2007) provide empirical evidence suggesting that investments in corporate governance may differ based on firm size, and that under-investing in monitoring may be more pronounced in smaller firms. To further test whether the benefits of recent changes in companies' governance mechanisms accrue to smaller firms that have underinvested in governance, we examine the stock market reaction to changes in board structure over the twenty-four months following the passage of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act. We construct a new composite measure of board structure and regress buy-and-hold abnormal returns on changes that occur in the Board Structure Index, finding that improvements in corporate governance quality result in economically significant abnormal returns accruing only to the smaller firms with weak initial board structures.     

Comment on ‘earnings management around UK open offers’

This note discusses the result of Iqbal, A., S. Espenlaub, and N. Strong. 2008 Iqbal, A., Espenlaub, S. and Strong, N. 2008. Earnings management around UK open offers. European Journal of Finance, this issue [Google Scholar]. Earnings management around UK open offers. European Journal of Finance, this issue, regarding long-run abnormal returns following open offers and announcement abnormal returns, compared with differing results in two previous studies based on similar samples. A survivorship bias explains some of the differences in the reported long-run abnormal returns. The difference in the announcement abnormal returns could be due to use of different data sources.     

非审计服务、盈余管理与审计质量——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

本文以2001～2004年A股上市公司为研究对象,在国内首次验证了会计师事务所向审计客户同时提供审计与非审计服务,是否会允许管理当局有较大的盈余操纵空间,以探讨非审计服务的提供是否会影响注册会计师独立审计的质量。实证研究结果显示:在我国,控制了其他影响因素后,非审计服务的提供与异常应计数正相关,但不具有统计显著性。这表明,在我国,没有证据显示,非审计服务会的提供会损害注册会计师审计独立性及审计质量。