Optimal Hedging and Valuation of Nontraded Assets

This paper examines a number of valuation problems faced by an expected-utility-maximizing investor who, over a given time horizon, is constrained to hold an asset which cannot be replicated by dynamic trading and which therefore does not have a unique no-arbitrage price. We first derive the private valuation which the investor assigns to the nontradedasset in order to determine his optimal investment in the traded assets. We thereby show that, as part of this portfolio, the investor hedges the private valuation process of the nontraded asset, rather than its market price process. We also study the price at which the investor would be willing to sell the nontraded asset if he were subsequently prohibited from trading in it, as well as the amount the investor would be willing to pay to removethe trading restriction. All three values are shown to depend in an intuitive manner on the investor's risk aversion, the residual risk of the nontraded asset unhedged by the traded assets, the difference between the constrained holding and optimal unconstrained holding of the asset and the length of the time horizon over which the asset cannot be traded.     

Heterogeneous Risk Preferences,Discount Rates and Land Contract Choice in Ethiopia

This paper analyses the role of risk and rate of time preference in the choice of land contracts. The analysis builds on the risk‐sharing and imperfect market explanations of contract choice. Unique data from Ethiopia, which contain land contract information and experimental risk and rate of time preference measures on matched landlord–tenant partners, are employed in the empirical analysis. The results show that landlord and tenant time preferences are significant determinants of contract choice. For landlords (but not tenants), risk preference is also significant, indicating the importance of financial constraints and production risk in the determination of contract choice. The results are of particular relevance to land market policy in Ethiopia, where production is risk‐prone, financial markets are imperfect, and where there is a major need for the development of vibrant land rental markets.     

浅议纳税计算与会计核算之统一

计算纳税是企业会计核算的重要内容。本文分析了新税法执行中存在的问题和原因，提出了应采取的措施，论证了税法和会计制度的完善和统一。     

Structures of commitment in mode use: a comparison of Switzerland, Germany and Great Britain

Travellers commit themselves to particular behaviours through the ownership of cars and season tickets. They trade a large one-off payment for low or zero marginal cost at the point of use. It can be assumed that these commitments influence travel behaviour. To the knowledge of the authors there is no literature which addresses the choice between the commitment to the one or the other mode and its impacts on travel behaviour.The paper presents models using structural equation modelling to test a-priori hypotheses on the paths linking car-availability, season-ticket-ownership and modal usage. Modal usage is operationalised as the number of trips by car, public transport, or as the distances travelled by car or public transport. The models are based on three different surveys: Switzerland, Germany and Great Britain. The results confirm the dominance of car-availability, which drives the other variables, but the relationships are more complicated than generally assumed.     

对事业单位会计核算制度改革的几点认识

本文就事业会计改革，谈几点认识：第一，事业财务改革具有客观性和必然性；第二，对事业会计改革主要内容的理解和体会，面对这场预算会计改革，对事业单位会计人员和财会机构将是一场挑战。     

会计电算化教学中的几个融合

会计电算化教学把握好以下几个方面的融合对提高教学效果是非常有益的,包括会计电算化与其他专业课的融合;会计信息系统与其他管理信息系统的融合;系统初始化与日常处理;正向处理与逆向处理的融合;共性与个性的融合;教学内容更新和创新教学方法的融合。     

关于电力企业内部会计控制的探讨

电力行业是支撑国民经济的重要支柱之一。如何构建完善的内部会计控制体系,加强风险评估和风险控制,是当前电力企业发展重大问题。本文从电力企业内部会计控制的重要性方面着手,分析当今电力企业内部会计控制存在的一些问题,从而针对性地地提出加强电力企业内部会计控制的几点建议。     

Market valuations of bargain purchase gains: are these true gains under IFRS?

This study investigates stock market valuations for bargain purchase gains (BPGs) in the context of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) between 2005 and 2014. Motivated by the increased frequency and high concentration of BPGs in Europe, we study a sample of acquirers listed on the London Stock Exchange to assess the value relevance of BPGs (a) under discrepant disclosure practices (i.e. disclosure versus non- disclosure of the reasons for the gains), (b) before and after the revision of IFRS 3, and (c) considering different income classifications for BPGs (operating or non-operating earnings). BPGs, on average, are not significantly valued by the stock market. However, the post-IFRS 3 revision period, marked by stricter measurement criteria and additional disclosure requirements, witnessed a significant shift in firm valuations. BPGs for which the reason for the gain is disclosed are positively valued only in the post-IFRS 3 revision period. BPGs are consistently perceived as value irrelevant for those firms which fail to comply with mandated IFRS 3 disclosure requirements regarding the reason for the gain. Finally, BPGs classified as a component of non-operating income with sufficient note disclosure on the reason for the gain are significantly associated with prices and returns.