产品市场竞争、公司治理与会计信息披露

从产品市场竞争对公司治理形成约束的角度入手,实证分析了中国上市公司会计信息披露行为.研究表明,中国上市公司内部控制机制对会计信息披露质量影响较小.仅发现两职分离的领导权结构以及分散的股权结构能够提高信息披露质量.没有发现董事会、债权人以及管理层激励合约等治理机制对信息披露质量的影响.产品市场竞争能够对公司内部控制机制形成约束,在内部治理结构不完善情况下,产品市场竞争则会进一步降低信息披露质量.产品市场竞争等外部控制机制作用的积极发挥依赖于公司内部治理机制的良好建立.     

独立院校非会计专业基础会计教学改革初探

随着市场经济的不断发展,企业的经济业务日趋复杂,开设基础会计学课程的专业越来越多,对会计理论和实务的要求也越来越高。独立学院作为一种新的教学模式,现已成为我国高等教育事业不可或缺的一部分。基础会计学作为经济管理类专业的必修课程,对会计学专业和非会计专业学生的日后学习和工作都起到了奠定财务知识基础的作用。如何使非会计专业学生学好基础会计学,能够学以致用,是独立学院的教学改革过程中亟待解决的现实问题。     

论中国会计国际化发展趋势

中国会计国际化发展的趋势:一是处理好国际化和国家化的关系,充分发挥双向作用;二是适当提升民间组织在 会计标准制定过程中的作用和地位;三是"双轨制"将平稳过渡到"单轨制";四是会计实务的国际化应与会计准则的国际化 并重。     

论政府审计职责的涵义与特点

政府审计职责是指得到法律确认的审计机关承担的任务和责任，包括审计监督职责和审计管理职责两个方面。其中，审计监督职责又包括审计事项范围、审计目标层次和审计执行深度三个方面的内容。审计职责具有不可推卸性、专属性、明确性、法定性和与审计权限的伴生性等特征，它与审计职能、审计权限既有密切联系，又有明显区别。     

对大学英语教学改革的反思

大学英语教学改革取得了令人可喜的成绩,但在实际操作中也出现了一些问题,主要体现在如何处理听说技能与读写技能的关系、配置通用英语和专门英语的比重以及正确处理多媒体教学、网络自主学习模式与传统教学模式的关系等方面。大学英语教学改革必须遵循语言学习的规律、尊重不同学生的需求和特点、考虑我国教育发展的区域不平衡和师资队伍的专业构成r以提高教学质量。     

我国会计制度变迁与盈余管理

会计制度的制定与变迁是各相关利益集团寻租的博弈过程,它在一定程度上可以防范盈余管理,但又无法完全消除盈余管理。会计政策选择、会计准则成了盈余管理的工具。会计制度与盈余管理两者相互交替,循环发展。我国会计制度变迁经历了四个阶段,盈余管理都有相对应的空间和手段。因此,如何进行科学制度安排,正确引导企业的盈余管理行为,提高我国资本市场的效率性,显得尤为重要。     

The impact of securities regulation on the earnings properties of European cross-listed firms

The objective of this study was to determine if the securities regulation in a foreign country is related to the earnings quality of European firms cross-listed in Europe. The study compared the post-listing earnings quality of 112 European firms cross-listed in 13 European stock exchanges during 1989–2001 to those of a controlled sample of non-cross-listed firms. Earnings quality was assessed by the use of reporting discretion to manage earnings. The regulatory strictness was represented by three indices of securities regulation.Empirical results provide some support to a positive association between earnings quality and the foreign securities regulation, suggesting that the foreign regulatory requirements have little or no effect on the reported earnings of European firms cross-listed in European exchanges.     

Earnings quality: Some evidence on the role of auditor tenure and auditors’ industry expertise

Prior studies suggest that auditors with short tenure are associated with lower earnings quality because of the lack of client-specific knowledge and/or low balling. In this study, we examine whether industry specialization of auditors and low balling affect the association between auditor tenure and earnings quality. We find that the association between shorter auditor tenure and lower earnings quality is weaker for firms audited by industry specialists compared to non-specialists. In addition, we do not find results consistent with the low balling explanation.     

Were In-Process Research and Development Charges Too Aggressive?

Abstract:  Prior research documents that US firms write off large in-process research and development charges (IPRD) for acquisitions, possibly overstating the current period expense to inflate future earnings. Consequently, in 1998, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) began scrutinizing IPRD charges. We use pre-acquisition R&D expenses of 144 target firms as a benchmark for assessing whether IPRD charges are appropriate. Overall, the results suggest that most firms during our sample period were not overly aggressive in expensing IPRD–especially for acquisitions subsequent to the SEC's scrutiny. The results also indicate that the SEC's intervention reduced the frequency of overstated IPRD charges.     

An Empirical Investigation of the True and Fair Override in the United Kingdom

Abstract:  The True and Fair View concept requires companies to depart from GAAP or the law if necessary to present a true and fair view of the corporation's financial affairs. We analyze UK public companies invoking a true and fair override to assess whether overrides are associated with weakened performance, earnings quality and informativeness. We find quantified overrides increase income and equity significantly, and firms that invoke more costly overrides report weaker performance. We also find that firms invoking the most costly overrides have less informative financial statements than control firms, and lower earnings quality. In contrast, firms invoking less costly overrides do not exhibit weaker performance, less informative financial statements or weaker earnings quality. These findings are relevant for the debate on principle- vs. rules-based accounting.