Market perception of efficiency in bank holding company mergers: the roles of the DEA and SFA models in capturing merger potential

Using the Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) and Data Envelope Analysis (DEA), this study examines the influence of bank efficiencies on the market assessment of bank holding company (BHC) mergers. The following two questions are addressed: (1) Is the target BHC's frontier efficiency reflected in the bidder BHC's abnormal returns? and (2) Does the difference in frontier efficiency between the bidder and/or target banks relative to their peer institutions influence the acquirer's abnormal returns? In support of the Inefficient Management Hypothesis, the findings indicate that bidder wealth effects do incorporate the target's X-efficiency as well as the difference in bidder/target efficiencies relative to their peer institutions.     

美国企业收购兼并的融资途径及具体操作

２０世纪９０年代以来,全球企业购并风起云涌,高潮迭起,加快了世界性产业结构调整和资源重新配置。其中美国企业收购兼并的广度、深度都非常突出。除了市场经济规律的要求,政府在企业并购中也采取规范措施,以保证宏观上的控制。作为重要的发达国家,美国企业收购兼并的融资途径及具体操作很具有代表性,对我国企业优势互补及资产重组有一定的借鉴,并对企业冲出国门,掌握跨国公司发展动态,起到了积极的作用     

上市公司“壳”资源交易价格的理论分析

通过股权协议转让或二级市场并购来实现买“壳”上市是我国证券市场上一种普遍的现象。但是,理论界目前对于“壳”资源交易价格决定影响因素、不同交易方式对“壳”公司价值及社会福利的影响缺乏深入的研究。本文运用两个不同的理论模型对二级市场并购和股权协议转让两种不同的“壳”资源交易方式均衡价格的决定及其对企业价值和社会福利的影响分别加以研究,并由此得出一些有意义的结论及政策建议。     

The Young and the Restless: A Study of Age and Acquisition Propensity of CEOs of UK Firms

Using a large sample of CEOs of UK firms, we show that CEO age is a key determinant of acquisition activity. We find that younger CEOs are more likely to acquire another firm and spend more on large capital expenditures. We argue that while younger CEOs of both UK and US firms undertake more acquisitions than their older peers, their motivations for acquisitions might differ. We find that the stock market perceives acquisitions by younger CEOs to be of a higher quality. Following previous studies, we use CEO tenure as a proxy for reputation, and find that large acquisitions enhance CEO reputation, especially for younger CEOs. In contrast to the previous findings for CEOs of US firms, we determine that the compensation of CEOs in the UK does not increase after acquisitions. This absence of a compensation incentive for CEOs of UK firms is consistent with the idea that the UK compensation structure is more restrictive and has a smaller equity‐based component. Our evidence is also inconsistent with an overconfidence effect. Overall, our results provide consistent evidence of executive signaling by younger CEOs of UK firms eager to distinguish themselves.     

The U.S. Airways Group: A post-merger analysis

America West Airlines acquired the bankrupt US Airways on September 27, 2005 to form the US Airways Group, improving its competitive position in the US airline industry. This paper analyzes the post-merger performance of the US Airways Group using airline operating metrics and financial ratios for the period 2005 to 2013. While the airline has still a long way to go to improve its leverage and liquidity ratios, its capital structure and ability to pay its obligations have improved since 2005. Moreover, although the airline is still inefficient in utilizing its assets, the efficiency improvements achieved since the merger have resulted in profits and positive returns to investors. Its share prices have also largely outperformed the S&P 500 and the XAL since the merger, an indication that investors are pleased with how the merger is developing over time. In view of the US Airways Group's improving financial and operating performance, the merger is, essentially, a success.     

Struggles in organizational attempts to adopt new branding logics: the case of a marketizing university

Recent research underlines that strong branded identities are created through co-creational processes in which multiple stakeholders are actively involved and brand identities are matched with cultural, political, and economic forces in society. However, there is a lack of in-depth research into how organizations attempt to adopt new branding logics. To address this research gap, we conduct a study of a university that is rebranding itself in accordance with a new market-oriented, service-dominant logic. While harmonic value co-creation between the brand and stakeholders is emphasized in an earlier literature, our study shows that attempts to adopt these logics trigger contradictory and adversarial interpretations among stakeholders about the role and identity of the focal actor vis-à-vis their own. We conclude that adopting new branding logics involves struggles and dynamics of power and resistance, which have passed unnoticed in earlier research. Resistance is not only targeted toward the brand's symbolic meanings and conducted by marginal consumer groups to enhance their own identities. Rather, it can also be targeted toward the tangible resource roles that stakeholders are expected to assume vis-à-vis the brand, and conducted by various stakeholder resistors – with the outcome of undermining and shifting the essence of the brand itself.     

控股股东委派董事能降低公司盈余管理吗？

虽然已有研究表明控股股东对公司会计信息质量具有重要影响,但很少深入分析控股股东在获取共享收益时如何影响公司会计信息质量,也没有考察控股股东实施影响的特定渠道。文章考察控股股东委派董事这一特定渠道在实现控股股东共享收益目标时,对于公司盈余管理行为的监督是否表现出非对称性。文章使用中国资本市场上市公司2014—2011年的数据进行检验,研究结果表明当公司高管向上操纵盈余时,控股股东委派董事发挥了有效的监督作用,显著降低了高管的盈余管理行为;但当公司高管向下操纵盈余时,控股股东委派董事并没有发挥监督作用。使用工具变量控制内生性问题与分组测试的结果表明结果具有稳健性。进一步测试控股股东委派董事与高管薪酬业绩敏感性之间的关系,结果表明当公司高管向上操纵盈余时,控股股东委派董事并没有加强高管薪酬业绩敏感性;只有当公司高管向下操纵盈余时,控股股东委派董事才会加强高管薪酬业绩敏感性。文章结论对于理解公司董事会构成和治理功能的发挥具有现实意义。     

基于公共财政视角的养老金“并轨”改革问题研究

1991年以来,我国机关事业单位与城镇企业职工实行了两套不同的养老保险制度,即所谓的“双轨制”。“双轨制”存在诸多弊端,中央政府及有关部门为了推动养老保险双轨制改革进行了诸多的尝试和努力,但出台的一些试点方案实际运行效果并不理想。党的十八届三中全会提出要推进机关事业单位养老保险制度改革,建立更加公平可持续的社会保障制度。通过对德国、美国、智利等几个典型国家养老保险制度改革的考察,发现国外大部分国家的公职人员与其他群体养老金待遇差别不大,具有完备的相关法律法规体系,财政承担转轨成本等。因此,应进一步加大财政补贴力度,承担转轨成本,加大财政对养老保险基金的投入力度,降低企业养老保险费率。     

国内上市公司不相关并购绩效的分析——基于核心竞争力的视角

笔者以2005年A股市场发生不相关并购的企业为研究对象,选取财务指标,应用因子分析法,对企业绩效进行评价。笔者从核心竞争力的视角,对样本企业进行划分,研究它们进行不相关并购的绩效表现。研究发现,具有成熟核心竞争力的企业在进行不相关并购后,其整体发展较好。