企业培训策略选择的博弈分析

企业对员工进行培训,可以提高员工的生产率,从而为企业带来更丰厚的利润,然而却又面临着员工跳槽的风险.企业为了挽留经过培训的员工,给予其较高的薪资待遇,结果给企业带来巨大的成本,甚至仍然留不住关键人才.笔者运用信号博弈的方法分析企业在员工培训方面的决策问题,得出多种均衡结果.     

Informational Contagion of Sudden Stops in a Global Games Framework

This paper highlights the cross-country spread of self-fulfilling financial crises through an informational channel. It sets up a two-country framework of investment with strategic complementarities and incomplete information about economic fundamentals. Each market may be subject to sudden stops, triggered by agents preemptively withdrawing their investments for fear others do so. After observing a massive capital outflow from one country, agents downgrade common fundamentals, and therefore have higher requirements regarding factors specific to the other country. This in turn may induce a crisis in the latter, which is not justified by idiosyncratic events or economic interdependence.     

Flexible estimation of price response functions using retail scanner data

Kalyanam and Shively [1998. Estimating irregular pricing effects: a stochastic spline regression approach. Journal of Marketing Research 35 (1), 16–29] and van Heerde et al. [2001. Semiparametric analysis to estimate the deal effect curve. Journal of Marketing Research 38 (2), 197–215] have demonstrated the usefulness of nonparametric regression to estimate pricing effects flexibly. The empirical results of these two studies, however, also revealed that nonparametric regression may suffer from too much flexibility leading to nonmonotonic shapes for price effects. In this paper, we show how the problem of nonmonotonicity can be dealt with without losing the power of flexible estimation techniques. We propose a semiparametric approach based on Bayesian P-splines with monotonicity constraints imposed on own- and cross-price effects. In an empirical application, we illustrate that flexible estimation of own- and cross-price effects can improve the predictive validity of a sales response model substantially, even when price response curves were constrained to show a monotonic shape, as suggested by economic theory. We also discuss the consequences from an unconstrained estimation of price effects.     

影响自主创新的因素——基于BACE方法对中国省际数据的分析

经典估计贝叶斯平均(BACE)是最近由Sala-i-Martin等人提出的一种处理模型不确定性的方法,它可以在进行参数估计的同时给出各解释变量的稳健性指标,并且还能够按照解释能力的大小对众多的备选变量进行分类和排序.本文首次利用这一方法对可能影响中国自主创新的因素进行了全面的分析,在上百万次回归的基础上,我们得到的主要结果是:在事先列出的20个可能的解释变量中,本地区试验发展支出、人均GDP、贸易依存度、邻接地区试验发展支出对创新产出的解释能力最强,并且都具有良好的稳健性;贷款余额与GDP之比、外商直接投资与GDP之比、各地区科学研究支出、地方财政决算本级收入与GDP之比、邻接地区科学研究支出等五个变量对创新产出也有一定的解释能力.     

关于后验矩的近似计算

文章介绍了数理统计中实数或向量参数的正函数的后验平均、方差和预测密度的近似计算。     

Runway safety at airports: A systematic approach for implementing ultra-safe options

Enhancing airport runway safety is a difficult problem because runway accidents are rare events. Nonetheless, investments are being directed at improving safety for US airport ground traffic control systems. This paper shows that under these circumstances it is difficult to assess and measure the added safety offered by new replacement systems. We develop a framework for introducing and sequencing system improvements to provide greater assurances in enhancing safety. This framework shows how a new method can first be introduced as a secondary system, to test and verify its efficacy prior to its adoption as a primary system.