对仲裁调解书置换调解协议书的质疑

在劳动争议处理程序中,调解协议书不具备强制执行的效力,成为调解程序不具有吸引力的主要原因。将调解协议书置换为可以强制执行的仲裁调解书,表面上看解决了调解协议书的效力缺陷问题,但其合法性和合理性都有欠缺。实现劳动争议处理"着重调解"的关键并不是简单地给调解协议书换个身份,而是还调解协议书本来的合同面貌,规范基层调解组织,加强社会的信用机制保障。     

Trade law and trade flows

This paper develops and estimates a model to study the effect of improving the quality of commercial trade law on trade flows. We focus on improvements aimed to privately resolve disputes among trading partners: international commercial arbitration and conciliation. The main novelty of the model is to explicit the balance between the contractual quality of importer and exporter (contractual distance) in an environment with informational frictions (contractual noise). Using a structural gravity estimation with high-dimensional fixed effects, the main contribution of the empirical exercise is to confirm previous results and unravel new traits that align with our theoretical results. Arbitration has a moderate and positive effect on exports that increases (decreases) with the contractual quality of the exporter (importer) and the remoteness of markets. The effects of conciliation are similarly positive, but only for similar trading partners with high levels of income. Results also suggest both domestic trade law reform and international treaties have a positive effect on trade, with a stronger effect of the latter.     

仲裁协议纠纷司法审查阶段制度的国际比较与我国的借鉴

仲裁自古以来在很多国家或地区都是一种重要的争议解决制度,其作用在当代更广的范围内越来越重要。然而,仲裁是以存在有效的仲裁协议为基石的,《纽约公约》等国际条约及众多国家或地区的制定法都允许当事人就仲裁协议的效力或涵盖范围纠纷提请司法审查。由于没有国际统一法的约束,各个国家或地区关于仲裁协议纠纷司法审查阶段的制度并不一致。大体而言,以法国和瑞士等为代表的国家或地区禁止或限制法院在仲裁裁决作成之前对仲裁协议的纠纷进行司法审查,其他国家或地区则对当事人在仲裁裁决作成之前的各阶段就仲裁协议纠纷提请司法审查的行为不加禁止或限制。我国内地关于仲裁协议纠纷司法审查阶段的制度规范存在诸多缺陷,包括将当事人对仲裁协议效力的异议不合理地推迟到人民法院首次开庭前、未指明在人民法院司法审查期间仲裁程序可否推进、没有考虑到仲裁机构就仲裁协议纠纷在先作出的决定是否具有终局效力的问题等。对于这些缺陷,我国内地应当借鉴境外的良好规则,主要通过修订《仲裁法》的方式进行弥补。     

The Effects of Mandatory Arbitration of Employment Discrimination Claims: Perceptions of Justice and Suggestions for Change

The ability of employers to require employees to submit claims of discrimination to final and binding arbitration in lieu of exercising their statutory rights represents a significant change in public policy. The methods traditionally used by enforcing agencies to investigate discrimination claims provide assistance and intervention that redress power asymmetries between employees and employers. Depriving employees of these enforcement mechanisms and requiring them to use arbitration may have adverse effects on perceptions of justice, both in procedural and distributive terms. We propose that mutuality, equality, and remediality are issues that must be addressed in situations of mandatory arbitration. We also suggest that mandatory arbitration may have other effects including expanding the scope of issues well beyond discrimination claims.     

依据仲裁的社会价值构建中国体育仲裁制度

随着人类体育活动的国际化和商业化,各种体育纠纷越来越多,如何针对不同体育纠纷的特殊性构建适当的解决机制,体育仲裁就是行之有效且运行广泛的一种。与国际体育仲裁相比,公平公正是我国体育仲裁制度所追求的首要价值;经济高效是我国体育仲裁制度所追求的基本价值。     

Assessing the Normative Legitimacy of Investment Arbitration: The EU’s Investment Court System

The inclusion of an investment chapter in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) has encountered significant opposition, especially in relation to Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). In this context, the EU has proposed several changes to the traditional procedures, including the creation of an investment court. The need to reform ISDS has long been recognised, but the key question remains: What is required for such a dispute settlement mechanism to have legitimate authority? Drawing from insights in legal theory and political philosophy, we examine what could be adequate criteria for the normative legitimacy of ISDS. We argue that ISDS can only be minimally legitimate if there are sufficient procedural safeguards to ensure fair access to the proceedings and equal consideration of their interest for all those affected by investment tribunals’ or courts’ decisions. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to look beyond what potential beneficial and adverse consequences of ISDS are, and explain that the appointment of the judges by the state parties and the reintroduction of some control of the state parties over dispute settlement outcomes are not sufficient to guarantee the normative legitimacy of ISDS.     

关于“管辖错误”作为再审事由的思考

新修订的《民事诉讼法》第179条将＂管辖错误＂规定为再审事由之一有其合理性。但考虑到再审制度的本质,应将＂管辖错误＂限定在违反专属管辖规定、违反专门管辖和下级法院违反级别管辖的规定受理案件等几种严重违法同时又侵害当事人程序性权利的情形。从减少以＂管辖错误＂为由申请再审的案件的数量和诉讼经济的角度考虑,宜设立再审补充性原则作为当事人提起再审的程序限制,与此相配套,在国内民事诉讼中应承认默示协议管辖。     

浅谈调解制度在审判中的应用

法院行使着国家的审判职能，裁判权行使的好坏直接影响着法律的公信力在人们心中的地位。如何运用完善的处理方式，有效地解决纠纷，以达到法律效果和社会效果的双赢，成为热点问题，调解制度因此也被广泛关注。如何改革调解制度，发挥调解作用，完善调解程序，已成为法院实现司法为民的工作理念，提高审判效率的重要课题。     

西部资源跨区域开发与政府间税收管辖权协调问题研究

西部资源的跨区域开发过程中,开放性、半开放性公共资源的开发特点,使非法人生产机构与法人管理机构的跨行政区域分离具有客观性。而经济全球化的进程、跨区域投资开发方式的新变化又进一步加大了这种机构分离的趋势,导致资源地税收管辖权的严重弱化。建立起规范、有效的政府间税收协调机制,维护资源地的税收管辖权,是西部地区走出"资源开发———财政贫困"怪圈的重要路径。     

The model employment termination act: Provisions and discussion

Recently, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws completed a drafting of the Model Employment Termination Act (META). The goal of this suggested state legislation is to end the patchwork of state-defined protections offered to employees who are terminated in at-will work environments. If META provisions are adopted there will be a substantial change in both the protection offered employees and the litigation of wrongful discharge claims within the adopting state. This article presents the changes proposed by META and discusses these changes and their potential implications for employers and employees.