GATT1994第15条研究——兼论人民币汇率困境之出路

本文在对GATT1994第15条进行文本分析的基础上提出:GATT1994第15条作为设计和规范WTO与IMF之间各自职责与合作关系的平衡条款,没有规定成员方的外汇安排,只要符合IMF协定即可获得对WTO义务的豁免,更没有排斥WTO对汇率问题的管辖权,而在WTO赢得胜诉也无须证明人民币汇率构成倾销或补贴。     

空间法的发展与焦点问题研究

1957年当人类第一次走进太空时,就出现了如何有效、规范、公平、和平地利用外层空间资源等一系列法律问题,规范人类在外层空间行为的法律——外层空间法便应运而生。过去50多年来,人类对空间的探索和利用取得了巨大成就,对人类文明进步起到了重要的推动作用。在空间法的迅速发展过程中,现有的一些规定面临着挑战,既包括对目前已有规定的进一步完善、改进,也包括对新出现的问题制定新规则、新制度。     

The Effects of Mandatory Arbitration of Employment Discrimination Claims: Perceptions of Justice and Suggestions for Change

The ability of employers to require employees to submit claims of discrimination to final and binding arbitration in lieu of exercising their statutory rights represents a significant change in public policy. The methods traditionally used by enforcing agencies to investigate discrimination claims provide assistance and intervention that redress power asymmetries between employees and employers. Depriving employees of these enforcement mechanisms and requiring them to use arbitration may have adverse effects on perceptions of justice, both in procedural and distributive terms. We propose that mutuality, equality, and remediality are issues that must be addressed in situations of mandatory arbitration. We also suggest that mandatory arbitration may have other effects including expanding the scope of issues well beyond discrimination claims.     

依据仲裁的社会价值构建中国体育仲裁制度

随着人类体育活动的国际化和商业化,各种体育纠纷越来越多,如何针对不同体育纠纷的特殊性构建适当的解决机制,体育仲裁就是行之有效且运行广泛的一种。与国际体育仲裁相比,公平公正是我国体育仲裁制度所追求的首要价值;经济高效是我国体育仲裁制度所追求的基本价值。     

International arbitration of investment disputes: are poor and badly governed respondent states more likely to lose?

Compelling empirical evidence on whether investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) is systematically biased against poor respondent states hardly exists. We focus on disentangling the effects of the respondent state’s per-capita income and the strength of domestic rule of law on ISDS outcomes. We find that both higher income and stronger than ‘normal’ rule of law reduce the probability of investor wins in international arbitration of disputes.     

Assessing the Normative Legitimacy of Investment Arbitration: The EU’s Investment Court System

The inclusion of an investment chapter in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) has encountered significant opposition, especially in relation to Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS). In this context, the EU has proposed several changes to the traditional procedures, including the creation of an investment court. The need to reform ISDS has long been recognised, but the key question remains: What is required for such a dispute settlement mechanism to have legitimate authority? Drawing from insights in legal theory and political philosophy, we examine what could be adequate criteria for the normative legitimacy of ISDS. We argue that ISDS can only be minimally legitimate if there are sufficient procedural safeguards to ensure fair access to the proceedings and equal consideration of their interest for all those affected by investment tribunals’ or courts’ decisions. Furthermore, we emphasize the need to look beyond what potential beneficial and adverse consequences of ISDS are, and explain that the appointment of the judges by the state parties and the reintroduction of some control of the state parties over dispute settlement outcomes are not sufficient to guarantee the normative legitimacy of ISDS.     

仲裁协议纠纷司法审查阶段制度的国际比较与我国的借鉴

仲裁自古以来在很多国家或地区都是一种重要的争议解决制度,其作用在当代更广的范围内越来越重要。然而,仲裁是以存在有效的仲裁协议为基石的,《纽约公约》等国际条约及众多国家或地区的制定法都允许当事人就仲裁协议的效力或涵盖范围纠纷提请司法审查。由于没有国际统一法的约束,各个国家或地区关于仲裁协议纠纷司法审查阶段的制度并不一致。大体而言,以法国和瑞士等为代表的国家或地区禁止或限制法院在仲裁裁决作成之前对仲裁协议的纠纷进行司法审查,其他国家或地区则对当事人在仲裁裁决作成之前的各阶段就仲裁协议纠纷提请司法审查的行为不加禁止或限制。我国内地关于仲裁协议纠纷司法审查阶段的制度规范存在诸多缺陷,包括将当事人对仲裁协议效力的异议不合理地推迟到人民法院首次开庭前、未指明在人民法院司法审查期间仲裁程序可否推进、没有考虑到仲裁机构就仲裁协议纠纷在先作出的决定是否具有终局效力的问题等。对于这些缺陷,我国内地应当借鉴境外的良好规则,主要通过修订《仲裁法》的方式进行弥补。     

Trade law and trade flows

This paper develops and estimates a model to study the effect of improving the quality of commercial trade law on trade flows. We focus on improvements aimed to privately resolve disputes among trading partners: international commercial arbitration and conciliation. The main novelty of the model is to explicit the balance between the contractual quality of importer and exporter (contractual distance) in an environment with informational frictions (contractual noise). Using a structural gravity estimation with high-dimensional fixed effects, the main contribution of the empirical exercise is to confirm previous results and unravel new traits that align with our theoretical results. Arbitration has a moderate and positive effect on exports that increases (decreases) with the contractual quality of the exporter (importer) and the remoteness of markets. The effects of conciliation are similarly positive, but only for similar trading partners with high levels of income. Results also suggest both domestic trade law reform and international treaties have a positive effect on trade, with a stronger effect of the latter.     

刍议旅客列车刑事案件侦查管辖的重构

目前旅客列车刑事案件侦查管辖模式的不合理是导致旅客列车违法犯罪没有得到真正、有效打击的主要原因。从诉讼价值的最大化出发，应对旅客列车违法犯罪侦查管辖进行重构，即旅客列车上的刑事案件由列车运行地铁路公安处管辖。所谓运行地铁路公安机关管辖是指当旅客列车运行在某一个铁路公安处的辖区内，列车上发生的刑事案件由该辖区所属的铁路公安处进行立案、侦查等相关的诉讼活动。     

四大直辖市批发零售业空间迁徙研究

本文通过对四大直辖市各区域批发零售业的就业人数变动情况进行了分析,研究了该行业在十年来城市空间布局的变化。经过研究表明,20世纪90年代中后期以来,批发零售业由城市中心区向外围和近郊区迁徙的特征比较明显,体现了我国大城市的批发零售业发展趋势。