基于信号博弈的快递服务研究

近年来国内快递业飞速发展,服务质量参差不齐,消费者在选择快递企业时由于信息不对称,从而产生选择困惑。文章针对这种信息不对称现象,建立了信号博弈模型,研究价格信号对消费者选择的影响程度。对其可能出现的混同均衡、分离均衡和准分离均衡深入分析,并在此基础上对国内快递行业的发展提出可行意见。     

EXPORT‐LED GROWTH HYPOTHESIS: FURTHER ECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE FROM SOUTH ASIA

This paper examines the export‐led growth (ELG) hypothesis for five South Asian countries through cointegration and multivariate Granger causality tests. Strong support for a long‐run relationship among exports, imports, and real output for all the countries except Sri Lanka were found. Feedback effects between exports and GDP for Bangladesh and Nepal and unidirectional causality from exports to output in the case of Pakistan were found. No causality between these variables was found for Sri Lanka and India, although for India GDP and exports did induce imports. A feedback effect between imports and GDP was also documented for Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, as well as unidirectional causality from imports to output growth for Sri Lanka. These and other findings are discussed from the standpoint of the export‐led growth hypothesis.     

Mortgage Default with Asymmetric Information

This article analyzes mortgage-market equilibrium when borrower default costs are private information. By applying the approach of Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976), it is shown that asymmetric information regarding default costs distorts the contract choices available in the mortgage market, preventing safe borrowers (those with high default costs) from fully satisfying their demand for mortgage debt. Large loans are available for a substantial interest-rate premium, but only risky borrowers find this premium worth paying. The article builds on an empirical literature designed to test the ruthless-default principle from option-based models of mortgage pricing. That literature provides evidence against ruthless behavior, suggesting that default costs play an important role in borrower decisions. The article takes a further step by arguing that such costs are private information, which has important implications for market equilibrium.     

Intrafirm Trade,Bargaining Power,and Specific Investments

This paper compares the performance of standard-cost with negotiated transfer pricing under asymmetric information. Negotiated transfer pricing generally achieves higher expected contribution margins, as this method tends to be more efficient in aggregating private information into a single transfer price. Standard-cost transfer pricing confers more bargaining power to the supplier and therefore generates better incentives for this division to undertake specific investments. The opposite holds for buyer investments. If a corporate controller has disaggregated information about divisional costs and revenues, then the firm can improve upon the performance of standard-cost transfer pricing by setting a centralized transfer price equal to expected cost plus a suitably chosen mark-up.     

On the Use of Collateral

This paper surveys existing explanations for the pervasive use of collateral in credit markets and relates them to the empirical evidence on the subject. Collateral may be used as a screening or an incentive device in markets characterized by various forms of asymmetric and biased information. The evidence is incompatible with the use of collateral as a signal of projects' quality, while broadly consistent with explanations based on its incentive properties and asymmetric evaluation of projects.     

Causality tests of budget and current account deficits: Cross-country comparisons

This study attempts to determine the causal relationship between budget and current account deficits as well as the direction of such causality. A selected sample of some developed and developing countries with annual time series data is used and cointegration techniques are applied to bring evidence regarding this important issue. Our results do not support any long-run relationship between the two deficits for developed countries while the data for developing countries do not reject such a relationship. However, our results suggest a causal relationship between the two deficits for most of the sample countries. First version received: November 1996/final version received: September 1998     

中国消费者信心与消费需求拉动效应的实证分析

美英等国的消费者信心指数(CCI)可预测消费者的行为,也可为宏观经济提供信号传导功能。应用格兰杰因果检验与回归分析,笔者对我国 CCI 与京、津、沪、穗四大城市的社会消费品零售总额之间的关系进行了实证检验。结果表明：我国 CCI 与北京、天津的消费需求存在显著的预测和单向信号引导关系,与上海、广州的消费需求不存在显著因果关系。     

基于流动性过剩视角的房价波动分析

2004年以来,我国局部地区出现房地产热,房价一路高歌猛进。但自2007年年末以来,受全球金融危机和国家宏观调控的影响,房地产市场进入萧条阶段。本文在考虑居民消费价格指数的情况下,利用我国2006年1月至2008年1月的房价指数、货币供应量和外汇储备的月份数据建立误差纠正模型,使用格兰杰因果检验方法对我国流动性过剩和房价波动的关系进行实证检验,得出结论：流动性过剩是影响房价波动的重要原因。     

能源消费与经济增长因果关系研究——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

运用面板单位根检验、异质面板协整检验和面板因果检验方法,检验中国30个省市区1986—2006年能源消费与经济增长的因果关系,结论表明：（1）从长期来看,东部沿海和西部地区存在能源消费与经济增长的双向因果关系,中部和东北地区存在从能源消费到经济增长的单向因果关系;（2）从短期来看,东部沿海和西部地区存在能源消费与经济增长的双向因果关系,中部地区存在从经济增长到能源消费的单向因果关系,东北地区存在从能源消费到经济增长的单向因果关系。该结论为制定合理的能源消费长期战略与短期政策提供了科学依据。     

信息不对称条件下特许权市场的博弈分析

特许经营是当今世界范围内普遍流行的一种商业模式,然而由于特许权市场是典型的信息不对称市场,被特许人权益受侵害的事件屡有发生。利用博弈模型对特许权市场作一番模拟和研究,分析市场均衡的类型、条件和各方的均衡策略。最后根据模型分析对规范特许权市场运行,促进特许权市场健康发展提出了针对性的建议。