The Financial Stability Board and Switzerland’s WiR-Credit Mechanism

Abstract:

The incentives banks face, such as the Basel Capital Accords, motivate them to favor lending with collateralized assets, rather than lending to Small-Medium Enterprises (SMEs), with associated profound economic consequences for society. Since the 1970s there has not been any direct oversight of whether or not credit contributes to GDP. We need a macroeconomic policy tool that can discriminate among different categories of credit extended to curb speculation in existing assets (non-GDP) and promote new business investment (GDP).

Government money creation and private credit growth are often presumed the only two ways to enhance nominal demand, yet the Swiss Economic Circle (Wirtschaftsring-Genossenschaft or WIR) is a Swiss Bank whose creation of purchasing power for SMEs has counter-cyclically stabilized the Swiss economy for over 80 years. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) should create localized credit-creation architectures utilizing a Swiss-WIR type currency to funnel credit that reflects systemic and macroeconomic risks that individually will never be rational for banks left to themselves.     

The ‘compensation’ thesis,as exemplified by the case of the Chinese central bank

This paper extends the theory of demand-led money supply endogeneity to the case of an open economy with a fixed exchange rate. This theory is contrasted to the standard Mundell-Fleming view. In the compensation approach advocated here, central banks are able to set interest rates, even in a fixed exchange rate regime, either because there are automatic market mechanisms that will induce the private sector to act in such a way that changes in foreign reserves will be compensated by opposite changes in central bank claims over the domestic economy, or because the central bank will engage in endogenous sterilization operations in its efforts to enforce its benchmark interest rate. Analyzing the balance sheet of the Chinese central bank, we find that the large rise in foreign reserves on the asset side is compensated by large positive changes in items of the liability side, mainly bonds issued by the central bank. Foreign reserves are not cointegrated with the monetary base, meaning that there is no long-run relationship between foreign exchange reserves and the supply of base money. We also find no long-run relation between foreign exchange reserves and the consumer price index.     

商业银行绩效管理的权变策略——HU理论的灵活运用

商业银行的绩效管理体现了银行的价值导向和战略发展方向。在全球面临金融危机的背景下,我国商业银行的经营环境发生了根本性变化,传统的内部绩效管理机制应随之而调整。在新的历史条件下,如何有效设立商业银行的绩效管理目标,让各级行长和经理跳起来摘苹果,并是实践中的一个现实问题。本文利用HU理论的基本原理,提出商业银行绩效管理的权变策略。     

我国上市银行内部薪酬差距对绩效影响的实证分析

本文以14家上市银行的2008年年报数据为基础,结合当前形势政策,对高管之间的薪酬差距、高管与全体职工的人均薪酬差距和银行的绩效进行了相关性的实证分析。研究结果表明高管之间的薪酬差距对净资产收益率无显著影响,对每股收益有较小的正向影响,一定程度上支持了锦标理论;而高管与全体职工的人均薪酬差距对银行绩效有很强的负向影响,符合行为理论的假说。     

论商业银行资本风险管控的有效性策略

伴随着当今世界经济形势复杂化和大型商业银行国际化的趋势,商业银行的资本风险管控越来越成为银行经营过程中的重要一环。本文从商业银行资本风险定义及资本风险的划分入手,以当下商业银行资本结构数据为依托,试图对我国商业银行资本风险管控提出合理化建议。     

村镇银行发展亟需解决三个问题

通过调研安徽村镇银行的当前发展情况,发现有三个问题成为制约它们可持续发展的主要因素,即设立目的和管理方式矛盾、“三农”概念过于宽泛和吸储难。要解决这些问题,就需建立“三农”贷款风险分摊与补偿机制、清晰界定出村镇银行贷款服务的“三农”概念、在农村地区大力提高村镇银行的公众认知度、允许村镇银行在地级市的建制区设立专门吸储的分支机构等。     

Construction of Risk Management System in Chinese Commercial Bank

Risk management is a system which involves the sequence of ex ante precaution, on-going control, ex post compensation and perfect corporate governance. In this paper, through analyzing the development of the international bank risk management, points of view are be proposed that precaution is the condition of risk management, control and compensation aim to reduce the loss to the lowest limit if it＇s inevitable, and a perfect corporate governance structure is guaranteed.     

Modifications on default probability calculation methods of commercial banks in China

This paper analyses two methods of calculating default probability adopted by foreign companies. Then, the paper suggests several methods of calculating loan default probability applicable to commercial banks in China, and gives the inadequacy of historic data in China.     

Bank and investment fund monitoring of privatized firms in Russia1

The active monitoring of enterprises is an important aspect of the transformation of Russian firms into efficient, commercially viable entities. This paper uses detailed case study evidence to provide insights into the mechanisms and processes adopted by investment funds, as equity holders; and banks, as debt providers, to monitor the enterprises in which they invest. The findings provide evidence of the importance of direct involvement and the development of relationships to counteract the shortcomings of the legal infrastructure and financial reporting mechanisms.     

关于我国商业银行效率影响因素的分析

运用多元回归分析的方法，对2006年我国商业银行效率的影响因素进行了分析。在回归分析中，首先，选取了代表商业银行产权结构、商业银行的规模、资本结构以及资产质量的指标作为解释变量，以我国商业银行效率建立模型。其次，以2006年我国12家商业银行为样本进行回归分析，在回归分析中为了避免多重共线性，采用了逐步回归的方法。最后，得出产权结构是影响我国商业银行效率的最重要因素，并提出了改善我国商业银行效率的政策建议。