竞争性综合运输中公路货运定价的研究

利用双层优化方法,将公路货运企业的经营目标函数和客户的选择函数统一考虑,分析了在客户选择最优基础上的公路货运定价问题,通过构建模型,求解得到货运价格。该价格是满足消费者福利剩余最大化的价格,有利于社会资源的优化配置和公路货运企业、综合运输市场的发展。     

Price premiums for organic menus at restaurants: What is an acceptable level?

This study identifies acceptable premium price levels that customers would be willing to pay for organic menu items at restaurants in the United States. Previous literature indicates that health-related and socio-demographic characteristics significantly influence consumers’ intentions to purchase organic food. To advance our understanding of how different consumers respond to changes in organic food prices, this study examines the moderating effects of the level of health consciousness (high versus low), gender (male versus female), and age (young versus old) on the relationship between premium price levels and purchasing intentions. In addition, this study further investigates acceptable premium price levels for different consumer segments at two types of restaurants (casual dining versus fine dining). The results of this study provide guidelines for menu design and strategies for restaurateurs to devise effective price premiums for organic menu options.     

我国保单质押贷款业务的法律评析

保单质押贷款业务在近年快速发展,而我国现行法律对该业务的调整存在诸多空白。本文认为从质押业务法理分析,具有储金或现金价值的一切寿险或非寿险保单均可作为保单质押对象,但设质的财产权利应限于退保金或现金价值,不应包括保险金请求权。保单质押后,投保人、贷款人和保险人按照质押协议承担相应的权利和义务,同时,投保人在保险合同中享有的部分权利,当有可能减少或流失质物时,该项权利应被限制或冻结。     

Interest-only and principal-only mortgage strips as interest-rate contingent claims

Interest-only (IO) and principal-only (PO) mortgage strips are valued in a stochastic interest-rate environment. The prepayment rate of the underlying mortgages is affected by two considerations not present in the pure financially rational model: (1) The property owner's holding period is assumed to follow a Gamma distribution, resulting in the possibility of prepayment due to the sale of the property (i.e., prepayment that is too early based on market interest rates); and (2) borrowers are assumed to face heterogeneous transaction costs related to refinancing the existing mortgage, and delay refinancing when market conditions make it optimal to do so (refinancing too late). Properties of IO/PO strips are identified by the finite difference method.     

中国视角:收入来源国与跨国公司的税收博弈

跨国公司经济实力强大、现代企业制度完备、经营结构合理、享有垄断与内部化优势.跨国公司全球范围内追求集团利益最大化,内部管理的高效率、信息沟通的高科技,以及对税收筹划的高度重视,都对收入来源国提出了严峻挑战.跨国公司在中国发展迅速,也存在大量的避税问题.中国已经开展了20年的反避税工作,但在制度建设以及针对跨国公司避税特点采取强力度措施方面进展不够.新的两税合一的<企业所得税法>及其<实施条例>,以及预约定价制度是重大进步,但要很好地贯彻执行还需做出多方面的努力.     

Monopoly Rents and Price Fixing in Betting Markets

Betting markets provide an ideal environment in which to examinemonopoly power due to the availability of detailed information on product pricing. In this paper we argue that the pricing strategies of companies in the U.K. betting industry are likely to be an important source of monopoly rents, particularly in the market for forecast bets. Pricing in these markets are shown to be explicitly coordinated. Further, price information is asymmetrically biased in favor of producers. We find evidence, based on U.K. data, that pricing of CSF bets is characterized by a significantly higher markup than pricing of single bets. Although this differential can in part be explained by the preferences of bettors, it is reasonable to attribute a significant part of the differential as being due to monopoly power.