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121.
《Food Policy》2017
This paper presents panel data evidence on the impact of expansion of global value chains and large-scale export-oriented farms in developing countries over almost a decade. We estimate the income effects of wage employment on large-scale farms in the horticultural export sector in Senegal, using data from two survey rounds covering a seven-years period of rapid expansion of the sector. We estimate average income effects as well as heterogeneous income effects, using fixed effects and quantile fixed effects regressions. We find that poverty and inequality reduced much faster in the research area than elsewhere in Senegal. Employment in the horticultural export sector is associated with higher household income and the income effect is strongest for the poorest households. Expansion of the horticultural export sector in Senegal has been particularly pro-poor through creating employment that is accessible and creates substantial income gains for the poorest half of the rural population. These pro-poor employment effects contrast with insights in the literature on increased inequality from rural wage employment. 相似文献
122.
The empirical analyses of firm diversification decisions, both for new activities (new products) and markets (for example, new routes for airlines), have usually estimated a binary dependent variable model for each of the decisions the firm makes. To obtain consistent estimators, every relevant effect must be considered in the specification. As this will hardly happen, the presence of nonobserved firm effects (either because such data do not exist or because it is impossible to obtain them) must be econometrically treated, because it causes inconsistency in the estimations. In this paper we propose to use the estimators provided by the maximization of the conditional likelihood function in problems of this kind because they give consistent results even when unobserved firm effects are present. Finally, we apply this technique to an example of diversification among Spanish manufacturers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
123.
Previous studies examining the relationship between uncertainty and vertical integration have produced a conflicting set of results. To clarify this puzzle we drew on the literature to conceptualize three distinct forms of uncertainty—primary, competitive, and supplier—and hypothesized that each had a different effect on vertical integration. The hypotheses were tested using experimental data collected from 308 managers. Consistent with our prediction of differential effects, we found that primary and competitive uncertainty were negatively associated with the decision to vertically integrate, but supplier uncertainty was positively related to the vertical integration decision. No interaction effects were found. Implications for theory and research are suggested. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
124.
本土代工企业竞争力构成要素及提升路径 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
代工模式是常见的跨国合作模式，但理论上以委托制造为主题，立足于代工企业的研究却很少。同一般企业竞争力的表现不同．本土代工企业的竞争力主要体现在其与国际品牌客户建立与发展长期的战略伙伴关系方面。本文运用组织间关系理论，分别从代工企业的代工能力、可替代程度及合作关系的建立与发展能力等方面分析了其竞争力的构成，并提出了本土代工企业可以通过业务的延伸与拓展、自创品牌以及多种业务的动态组合等路径提升其竞争优势。 相似文献
125.
《Food Policy》2016
Consumer reactions to food scandals and their resulting economic implication are well documented. However, studies have typically neglected the roles that consumption habits and media usage behaviours may play in explaining household’s response to food safety incidences. In this study we develop a model of heterogeneous media usage intensity, information impacts and decay over time to estimate household’s behavioural responses to the 2011 German Dioxin scandal. We are specifically interested in determining the degree of heterogeneity in household’s short-term adjustments demand patterns versus persisting long-term consumption habits of meat products (chicken and pork) directly affected by the incident. The empirical analysis employs detailed household-level retail scanner and media usage data collected by the GfK Consumer Scan panel for a total of 16,023 households over a period of 104 calendar weeks. Results of dynamic correlated random effect Tobit models indicate an important role of unobserved heterogeneity in explaining household responses during the food scandal. We find strong empirical evidence supporting our hypothesis that short-term marginal adjustments in demand and propensity to buy affected products triggered by the negative impact of household media exposure were over-compensated by habit persistence. The question of how consumption patterns evolve over time in the presence of food scandals is expected to be of interest for both policy makers and the food industry. The potential biases in the projection of economic impacts resulting from simplifying assumptions of household’s response patterns to a proliferating numbers of food safety incidences has implications for risk management and public policy. 相似文献
126.
中小物流企业是我国物流产业的主体,是我国物流企业发展的中坚力量,企业的发展与壮大,将直接影响到我国物流企业的发展和物流管理水平的提高。文章运用波特的五力竞争模型分析法,通过分析内蒙古地区中小物流企业在竞争中所处的环境,来具体说明内蒙古的中小物流企业如何去提升自己在行业的竞争力,进而在激烈的市场竞争中的获得成功。 相似文献
127.
如何提升企业的核心竞争力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
企业的核心竞争力是企业获取持续竞争优势的来源和基础。中国企业欲在经济全球化大潮中立于不败之地，最有效也是最关键的一点．即是提升企业的核心竞争力。以技术创新为核心，以信息化为动力，以争创名牌为手段．以企业文化为后盾．全面提升自己的核心竞争力，才能在日趋激烈的国际市场竞争中有所作为。 相似文献
128.
物流管理与市场营销存在密切的联系,在协同环境下,将时间、质量、柔性、服务等内容有机结合,分阶段有目的地利用专业化第三方物流为企业实施和优化营销策略。二者整合的意义,体现在及时准确地把握市场信息,快速有效地响应客户需求,并降低成本。 相似文献
129.
This article surveys various strategies for modeling ordered categorical (ordinal) response variables when the data have some type of clustering, extending a similar survey for binary data by Pendergast, Gange, Newton, Lindstrom, Palta & Fisher (1996). An important special case is when repeated measurement occurs at various occasions for each subject, such as in longitudinal studies. A much greater variety of models and fitting methods are available than when a similar survey for repeated ordinal response data was prepared a decade ago (Agresti, 1989). The primary emphasis of the review is on two classes of models, marginal models for which effects are averaged over all clusters at particular levels of predictors, and cluster-specific models for which effects apply at the cluster level. We present the two types of models in the ordinal context, review the literature for each, and discuss connections between them. Then, we summarize some alternative modeling approaches and ways of estimating parameters, including a Bayesian approach. We also discuss applications and areas likely to be popular for future research, such as ways of handling missing data and ways of modeling agreement and evaluating the accuracy of diagnostic tests. Finally, we review the current availability of software for using the methods discussed in this article. 相似文献
130.