家电下乡的经济学思考

众所周知,我国是一个农业大国,农业人口比重大,农民生活水平的好坏、消费水平的高低,直接影响着我国总体经济的发展。近年来,国家取消了农业税,陆续出台了粮食直接补贴、农资综合补贴、良种补贴和农机具购置补贴等惠农政策,降低了农民的生产成本。然而全面发展农村经济,促进农村购买力的增长和拉动农村消费,并不是一朝一夕之功。改革开放以来,我国农村经济不断发展,特别是近几年来,拉动农村消费成为新闻、报纸上经常出现的名词。由财政部、商务部、工业和信息化部联合家电企业、流通企业共同启动的"家电下乡"活动,无疑是响应这一号召的重要举措。随着活动的继续深入开展,其正负经济效应日益凸显,但总体来说,家电下乡的政策效果是农民获益、企业促销、政府扩大内需和相关产业大发展的多方共赢。     

Capital markets and legal development: The China case

Recent research establishes a significant positive correlation between law and finance (and hence economic growth), restarting a debate on the “law matters” thesis. However, which way the causality goes is still not clear. The purpose of this paper is to use the ongoing reform experience of China, especially its capital market experience, to examine the direction of causality. First, we show that China's recent experience is largely consistent with Coffee's [Yale Law Journal 111 (2001, October)] “crash-then-law” interpretation of this correlation. Indeed, it is the large and clearly defined constituency of investors that has been a key driving force behind much of the recent legal progress. The rights and economic interests of this constituency have fundamentally challenged the traditional emphasis of the Chinese legal culture on administrative and criminal sanctions, but not on civil litigation law. Second, we compare the different contributions to legal change made by the stock market and the consumer product markets. We argue that capital markets are perhaps the most conducive to the formation of a politically powerful constituency and hence more aggressive legal change, because of (1) the higher degree of commonality among interested parties and (2) immediately measurable and tangible damages. These two characteristics not only allow investors to identify with each other more easily, but also create an ideal basis for more debate in the media, which in turn promotes the development of a legal culture.     

Consumers' reactions to food scares

In the past decade many food hazards appeared (i.e. bacteria of Escherichia coli, dioxins in pork). When information about food hazards is announced, many concerns about food product arise. As a result consumers stop buying the kind of food in which hazard appears, which makes losses to the food producer. In this study, the results of survey are presented. The survey was conducted among 712 respondents in the southeast Poland. Respondents were asked about the source of information they prefer to be informed about the food hazard, their reactions to food hazard and their ways to protect themselves from food hazards in case of food scares. On the basis of the results, it was found that the main sources of information they prefer are television (85.4% of indications) and the Internet (61.4% of indications). Moreover, when a food hazard appears and consumers are informed about this fact their first reaction is to check if they have bought this product, and 30% of respondents declared that they would not buy this product again. To make sure that a particular food product is safe, consumers buy products they know (70.5% respondents). The answers varied on the socio‐demographic characteristics of respondents.     

企业社会责任对财务绩效影响研究——基于中国上市公司的经验证据

在披露意愿、股权性质、经济周期调节变量的基础上研究企业社会责任对财务绩效的影响,考虑企业社会责任的时间滞后效应,加入滞后一期的CSR研究对财务绩效的影响。实证结果表明：当期企业社会责任与当期财务绩效呈正相关但不显著,滞后一期的企业社会责任显著正向影响当期财务绩效;当期企业社会责任与披露意愿、经济周期的交互作用表明,相对于经济繁荣期,在经济收缩期企业当期自愿披露企业社会责任报告会更显著提高当期财务绩效;当期企业社会责任与股权性质的交互作用表明相对于非国有企业,国企当期承担企业社会责任会显著提高当期财务绩效;滞后一期的企业社会责任与股权性质、经济周期的交互作用表明在经济收缩期,国有企业上一年履行企业社会责任会显著降低当期财务绩效。     

社会融资规模作为我国货币政策中介目标的有效性分析—基于M2和人民币贷款的比较

本文立足社会融资规模作为中介目标的货币政策传导机制,构建完善的货币政 策目标指标体系,选取M2和人民币贷款为社会融资规模的对比指标,基于向自回归（VAR） 模型,利用2002年至2017年6月的季度数据,通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验和脉冲响应等方 法,对社会融资规模与货币政策最终目标、操作目标之间的关系进行实证分析。研究结果表 明,现阶段社会融资规模作为我国货币政策中介目标具有较高的有效性和合理性。     

企业金融化对工业企业风险承担水平的影响 ——基于中介效应和门限效应分析

本文以2007~2019年中国沪深A股上市工业企业的财务数据为样本,探究企业金融化对工业企业风险承担水平的影响。结果表明:(1)企业金融化的“投机-挤出”效应大于“储蓄-维稳”效应,总体上增加了工业企业风险承担水平,且非国有工业企业金融化对其风险承担水平影响更大;(2)作用机理分析发现企业金融化主要通过资产渠道和收益渠道作用于工业企业风险承担水平,即“工业企业金融化——主营业务投资减少/金融资产收益占比增加——企业风险承担水平上升”;(3)进一步分析后发现企业金融化对工业企业风险承担水平的影响存在基于企业风险承担能力和财务杠杆率的门限效应,企业风险承担能力的门限效应使得工业企业金融化的边际影响依门槛值减弱,且国有工业企业的门槛值要低于非国有工业企业;而财务杠杆率的门限效应使得工业企业金融化的边际影响依门槛值增强。     

农村剩余劳动力转移的正反“拉力”与“推力”研究——对宽甸满族自治县“入户调查”资料的分析与思考

通过对宽甸满族自治县的入户调查发现,农村剩余劳动力在城镇从业一定程度上提高了农村家庭的收入水平,但是当前农村剩余劳动力转移存在正反两个方向的四种动力：城市不仅存在吸引农民入城务工的＂拉力＂,也存在将外来务工者推回农村的＂推力＂;而农村不仅存在将剩余劳动力推往城市的＂推力＂,也存在将外出务工者拽回来的＂拉力＂。正是在正反＂拉力＂与＂推力＂的综合作用下,部分农民选择了＂离土不离乡＂或＂离—返交替＂的半农半工模式。因此,小城镇建设具有重要的意义：可以通过发展农村经济＂拉住＂劳动力,以缓解城市就业压力;同时也有利于农民选择适合自己的生产和生活方式,实现农村剩余劳动力的多元化和逐步有序转移。     

浅论振兴东北老工业基地的几项任务

振兴东北老工业基地必须加大工业结构调整的力度,提高核心竞争力;加大调整所有制结构的力度,提高市场化水平;构建对外开放的新格局,提高对外开放度;加快农村经济战略性调整步伐,提高居民收入水平.     

新时期提升和整合企业文化的思考

打造全新企业文化的三点建议:一是创新企业形象,促进企业发展;二是提升企业文化行为,塑造企业良好形象;三是创建学习型企业,构建和提升企业竞争力.     

关于我国反贫困问题的认识

反贫困是落实科学发展观、建设和谐社会的重大内涵之一。贫困,是指部分人在社会中由于种种原因被排挤到经济生活边缘、失去了过当时当地基本生活的可行能力的状态。贫困的形成有自然的、经济的、政治的、文化的多种原因。因此,反贫困不能搞单项对策,应实施反贫困的系统工程。