PRICING SWAPTIONS AND COUPON BOND OPTIONS IN AFFINE TERM STRUCTURE MODELS

We propose an approach to find an approximate price of a swaption in affine term structure models. Our approach is based on the derivation of approximate swap rate dynamics in which the volatility of the forward swap rate is itself an affine function of the factors. Hence, we remain in the affine framework and well-known results on transforms and transform inversion can be used to obtain swaption prices in similar fashion to zero bond options (i.e., caplets). The method can easily be generalized to price options on coupon bonds. Computational times compare favorably with other approximation methods. Numerical results on the quality of the approximation are excellent. Our results show that in affine models, analogously to the LIBOR market model, LIBOR and swap rates are driven by approximately the same type of (in this case affine) dynamics.     

THE TERM STRUCTURE OF INTEREST RATES AS A GAUSSIAN RANDOM FIELD

A simple model of the term structure of interest rates is introduced in which the family of instantaneous forward rates evolves as a continuous Gaussian random field. A necessary and sufficient condition for the associated family of discounted zero-coupon bond prices to be martingales is given, permitting the consistent pricing of interest rate contingent claims. Examples of the pricing of interest-rate caps and the situation when the Gaussian random field may be viewed as a deterministic time change of the standard Brownian sheet are discussed.     

On pricing kernels and finite-state variable Heath Jarrow Morton models

Once a pricing kernel is established, bond prices and all other interest rate claims can be computed. Alternatively, the pricing kernel can be deduced from observed prices of bonds and selected interest rate claims. Examples of the former approach include the celebrated Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985b) model and the more recent model of Constantinides (1992). Examples of the latter include the Black, Derman, and Toy (1990) model and the Heath, Jarrow, and Morton paradigm (1992) (hereafter HJM). In general, these latter models are not Markov. Fortunately, when suitable restrictions are imposed on the class of volatility structures of forward rates, then finite-state variable HJM models do emerge. This article provides a linkage between the finite-state variable HJM models, which use observables to induce a pricing kernel, and the alternative approach, which proceeds directly to price after a complete specification of a pricing kernel. Given such linkages, we are able to explicitly reveal the relationship between state-variable models, such as Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross, and the finite-state variable HJM models. In particular, our analysis identifies the unique map between the set of investor forecasts about future levels of the drift of the pricing kernel and the manner by which these forecasts are revised, to the shape of the term structure and its volatility. For an economy with square root innovations, the exact mapping is made transparent.     

ISOLATING THE WILD CARD OPTION

Many embedded options are difficult to value the wild card option in the Treasury bond futures contract is one of these embedded options. We illustrate how narrow theoretical bounds on the value of this option, relative to the price of the contract, may be obtained in the presence of other embedded options. Simulations suggest that the value of the wild card option is close to zero. This implies that, in this economy, a simpler pricing model of the Treasury bond futures contract, which ignores the wild card option, will result in only a small loss of accuracy.     

PRICING CALLABLE BONDS BY MEANS OF GREEN'S FUNCTION1

This paper derives a closed-form solutin for the price of the European and semi-Amirican callable bond for two popular one-factor models of the term structure of interest rates which have been proposed by Vasicek as well as Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross. the price is derived by means of repeated use of Green's function, which, in turn, is derived from a series solution of the partial differential equation to value a discount bond. the boundary conditions which lead to the well-known formulae for the price of a discount bond are also identified. the algorithm to implement the explicit solution relies on numerical quadrature involving Green's function. It offers both higher accuracy and higher speed of computation than finite difference methods, which suffer from numerical instabilites due to discontinuous boundary values. For suitably small time steps, the proposed algorithm can also be applied to American callable bonds or to any American-type option with Green's function being explicitly known.     

我国中小企业私募债券发行与监管模式的再反思

中小企业私募债券作为一种新出现的融资工具,因其速度较快、融资成本较低等特点,为资本市场所青睐。但随着发行完成与起息期开始,该项工具在我国的运用也出现了一些值得思考的问题。美国、韩国在处理国内私募债券中,对于监管政策、信息披露政策、定价评级等方面的经验,值得我国在未来的监管改革中予以借鉴。     

中国债券市场2011年变化特征与2012年形势展望

2011年,中国债券市场在国内宏观调控措施集中出台和外部经济形势复杂多变等因素的交织影响下,呈现出鲜明的走势特点,也打破了众多历史常规。主要表现为：资金面成绝对主角,收益率大幅跳升,收益率曲线呈平坦化趋势,信用利差屡创新高等。展望2012年,受全球去杠杆化和国内宏观调控、经济结构调整的叠加影响,中国经济增长大周期将经历稳步回调的过程,债券阶段性牛市有望延续,但随着调控政策重心的转移,利率趋势可能在年内出现转折。     

2012年5月银行问市场运行报告

2012年5月,银行间市场整体平稳运行,主要特点是：市场资金面宽松,货币市场利率持续走低;银行间国债收益率曲线整体下移,利率互换成交曲线也出现明显下移;国际市场美元指数飙升,人民币对美元汇率显著走§5,人民币对欧元汇率破八,汇率盘中波动和升贬预期较为稳定;外汇衍生品成交活跃,市场份额进一步上升。     

2012年7月银行间市场运行报告

2012年7月,银行间市场整体平稳运行,主要特点是：本币市场资金面呈现阶段性趋紧局面,货币市场利率高开低收;银行间债券市场延续慢牛行情,但上涨势头趋缓;人民币对美元交易汇率首次触及1％的波幅限制,但盘中波动温和,欧元汇率创十年来新低;利率互换交易量收缩,汇率衍生品市场份额继续提升,汇率贬值预期有所上升。     

Return and volatility spillovers between currency and bond markets in India

This paper examines the return and volatility spillovers between the foreign exchange and bond markets of India using a bivariate asymmetric BEKK-GARCH (1,1) model for the period 4 April 2005 to 31 March 2017. We find the evidence of bidirectional return and volatility spillovers with asymmetric effects between these two markets. The spillovers are evidenced even during the periods when foreign portfolio investments in the Indian bond markets were relatively low suggests the existence of strong inter-linkages between both the markets.