村镇建筑防灾减灾的研究

自古以来灾害对村镇建筑造成的人员伤亡和经济损失十分严重,村镇防灾减灾问题需要更多的关注并且亟待解决。本文针对我国农村建筑防灾减灾相对薄弱的情况,分析了村镇建筑防灾减灾的现状及存在问题,结合农村自身的实际情况,综合考虑各致灾因素,提出改善我国村镇建筑防灾减灾能力的对策和建议。     

水库岸坡地质灾害的防治对策研究

在地质灾害防治的研究中,已有研究多从灾害本身的治理上入手,少有从工程管理的层面对灾害防治对策进行研究。本文基于工程管理理论,从防治体系、灾害认识、管理模式、防治方案等四个方面进行研究。在实际的灾害防治工程中,具有很强的实用性和针对性。     

EVALUATION OF CONTINGENT REPAYMENTS IN MICROFINANCE: EVIDENCE FROM A NATURAL DISASTER IN BANGLADESH

Frequent and strictly scheduled repayments and savings in microfinance often deteriorate the liquidity of members in the face of negative shocks. Previous articles suggest the introduction of a contingent repayment system that allows such members to be rescheduled, but the unavailability of a suitable dataset makes it difficult to examine how it would actually work. This study is one of the first to evaluate the impact of this repayment system on household livelihood. In employing a unique dataset from Bangladesh, I show that rescheduling reduces the possibility of binding credit constraints and borrowing from moneylenders, and may also reduce transitory poverty. However, short‐term rescheduling has insignificant effects. Indebted members with less liquid assets are more likely to be rescheduled.     

G320改建公路地质灾害发育特征及防治建议——以保山至蒲缥段为例

通过对国道G320线(保山-蒲缥)段改建公路沿线现状地质灾害调查,发现因受地形、地貌、构造、岩性、降雨、人类活动等因素的影响,查明改建公路滑坡、崩塌、不稳定斜坡等地质灾害较为发育。本文根据发育特征及灾害成因提出防治建议。     

论我国生态补偿机制的确立

近年来我国西部地区自然灾害频发,并再次引发人们对西部地区发展的关注。建立生态补偿机制,使西部地区因生态保护而做出的牺牲能获得合理补偿,不仅是公平原则的具体体现,而且有利于西部经济社会的持续发展。     

Racialization and Rescaling: Post‐Katrina Rebuilding and the Louisiana Road Home Program

This article examines the interlocking nature of racialization and rescaling in post‐Katrina New Orleans, focusing specifically on the implementation of the Louisiana Road Home program, the largest housing recovery program in US history. Based on interviews and long‐term ethnographic fieldwork, I conceptualize the Road Home program as a racialized spatial strategy to revalorize disaster‐devastated spaces and enhance the exchangeability of damaged property. I trace the logic of rescaling in post‐Katrina New Orleans and reveal the ways in which state policies to accelerate the turnover time of flood‐damaged housing reflect and reinforce the racialization of space. New Orleans stands as a valuable laboratory for the study of government intervention under conditions of widespread upscaling, downscaling and outscaling processes, pushing trends found elsewhere to their limits while revealing the negative consequences of rescaling for local institutions and residents. The article illustrates the localized dynamics of rescaling in times of crisis and offers a novel processual account of the drivers and consequences of rescaling processes in a disaster‐impacted territory.     

Exploring the Geography of Corporate Philanthropic Disaster Response: A Study of Fortune Global 500 Firms

In recent years, major disasters have figured prominently in the media. While corporate response to disasters may have raised corporate philanthropy to a new level, it remains an understudied phenomenon. This article draws on comparative research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philanthropy to explore the geography of corporate philanthropic disaster response. The study analyzes donation announcements made by Fortune Global 500 firms from North America, Europe and Asia to look for regional patterns across three recent disasters: the South Asian Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, and the Kashmiri earthquake. The results reveal inter-regional differences in the overall likelihood of donations and in their cash value, in addition to the identification of home-region- and local presence effects. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed. An erratum to this article can be found at     

河北省冬小麦—夏玉米干旱灾害风险评估

[目的]通过分析河北省冬小麦和夏玉米的干旱灾害风险的时空分布格局,从致灾因子危险性、承灾体暴露性、环境敏感性、防灾减灾能力4个因子出发确定10个指标,为河北省农业防旱抗灾工作提供科学支持。[方法]文章基于自然灾害理论,利用2000—2018年河北省气象站点数据,计算水分亏缺指数,并通过建立农作物减产率和水分亏缺指数的关系来确定不同干旱等级的临界阈值,建立基于信息扩散理论的干旱危险性评估模型。利用遥感数据以及统计年鉴数据,建立承灾体暴露性模型、环境敏感性模型和防灾减灾能力模型,在此基础上,对河北省冬小麦和夏玉米不同生育阶段进行干旱灾害综合风险评估。[结果]（1）将信息扩散模型应用于小样本事件中,弥补资料不足带来的缺陷,可对不同级别的干旱进行风险评估;（2）干旱发生程度以轻度干旱和中度干旱为主,发生严重干旱的概率极低,致灾因子是影响旱灾程度的关键因素;（3）冬小麦和夏玉米在不同生育阶段风险的空间分布是不均的,高风险区和中高风险区呈现零星点状分布,冀中和冀南综合风险比较高,防灾减灾能力在一定程度上缓解了旱灾对该区的影响力度,而对于冀东地区来说,承灾体的暴露性以及防灾减灾能力决定了旱灾对该区的...     

Impact of hurricanes strikes on international reserves in the Caribbean

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigate the impacts of hurricane shocks on the international reserves of Caribbean countries. To this end, we use a panel VARX (Vector Auto-Regressive, with exogenous variables) with monthly data that allow us to account for external shocks (hurricane strikes). Our results show that for the whole sample, an increase in foreign reserves a month after the strike was followed by a decrease 2 months later. The increase can be explained by remittances and emergency foreign aid granted by the International Monetary Fund. Dividing the sample into middle-income and high-income countries shows that the increase is mainly due to the latter. This outcome may not be surprising given that production in Caribbean high-income countries is mainly due to manufacturing, off-shore banking and natural resources exploitation, which are all non-weather dependent sectors, while the middle-income countries are mostly dependent on weather-prone agriculture and tourism.