中小企业融资与银行关系研究综述

银行贷款是中小企业间接融资的最主要渠道,银企之间良好关系的建立,可以有效缓解中小企业的融资困境。本文从影响银企关系的因素、银行结构对中小企业融资的影响、如何建立银行与中小企业的关系几方面对已有的一些国内外文献进行了综述,并指出今后应加大对开放条件下银企关系的研究。     

A Comparison of Unexplained Racial Disparities in Bank-Level and Market-Level Models of Mortgage Lending

Statistical models of mortgage lending have been used by both academics and regulators to assess the importance of racial discrimination in lending decisions. Models estimated by bank regulators are specified at a bank level, allowing regulators to focus on possible disparate treatment discrimination against minorities. In contrast, the academic literature has tended to estimate models combining data across many banks. We argue that the market-level approach uses a mis-specified model whose estimates do not clearly measure any well-defined concept of discrimination. Using data from eight banks, we find important differences between bank-level and market-level models, with market-level models producing larger estimated racial effects than bank-level models.     

Subprime Lenders and Mortgage Market Completion

Without a subprime market, some borrowers by virtue of poor credit history, unstable income, and other characteristics are unable to qualify for a mortgage. With a subprime market, there is a more complete credit supply schedule with the market pricing for poorer credit quality in the mortgage rate. By completing the capital market, subprime lenders reduce borrowing constraints. The result is a social welfare gain. Low-credit applicants otherwise denied funding are able to qualify by paying higher interest rates in exchange for offering more equity or lower loan-to-value ratios. This prediction is consistent with the subprime applicants financing or refinancing their mortgages at relatively low loan-to-value ratios.     

从温州民间借贷市场风险透视民营经济的发展困局

今年以来,我省部分地区民间借贷日渐火爆,由民间借贷资金链断裂引发的中小企业"倒闭"、知名企业家"跑路"事件相继发生,引起了社会各界的广泛关注。民间借贷市场不断升温的诱因是什么?它的背后究竟是资金危机还是实业危机?本文通过全面深入的分析,希冀能够为客观、科学地看待该现象提供一些启发。     

银行信贷和资产价格泡沫的联动性——基于动态贷款价值比的分析

投资者借贷投资是现代金融市场的常态。信息不对称及其带来的风险收益不对称和风险转移问题,会造成资产价格泡沫。文章引入贷款价值比进一步扩展了Allen-Gale模型,并用贷款价值比的动态变化来说明资产价格泡沫生成的内在机理及其所产生的影响;通过对贷款价值比动态调整的模拟得出:贷款价值比越大,资产价格泡沫越大。因此,降低贷款价值比是遏制资产价格泡沫膨胀的关键。     

Informal lending amongst friends and relatives: Can microcredit compete in rural China?

This paper explores the relationship between informal and formal lending in China with consideration of how the strength of informal lending might affect microcredit. Lending relationships involving trust are investigated using original survey data from over 1500 farm households. Econometric results confirm a relationship between trust and informal lending, and mistrust and formal lending. With over 67% of farm households borrowing from friends and relatives the economic significance between this form of informal lending and borrowing from Rural Credit Cooperatives and Micro Finance Institutions cannot be overlooked.     

资产负债表的直接传染--一种银行与企业信用链上的信贷冲击乘数效应

文章立足于中国垄断竞争型的信贷市场,以直接金融对银行间接金融的替代性较弱为前提,深入分析了在经济或金融紧缩时期,银行贷款收缩或变动通过资产负债表的直接传染可能产生的一种信贷冲击乘数效应,并且指出,这种乘数效应可能与现有文献所研究的信用渠道中的银行借款渠道和金融加速器效应形成相互强化机制,进一步放大信贷变动对经济造成的冲击.     

次贷危机给我国股票市场带来的冲击及应对——理论与实证

次贷危机背景下,国际金融市场动荡、危机发生国经济衰退,跨境资本流动的方向、速度、规模的不确定性增加,我国股票市场面临多重冲击。本文对次贷危机期间我股票市场对外部冲击的反应程度进行了实证分析,发现危机期间外部冲击对股票市场稳定带来威胁,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Lock‐In Effects in Relationship Lending: Evidence from DIP Loans

Do prior lending relationships result in pass‐through savings (lower interest rates) for borrowers, or do they lock in higher costs for borrowers? Theoretical models suggest that when borrowers experience greater information asymmetry, higher switching costs, and limited access to capital markets, they become locked into higher costs from their existing lenders. Firms in Chapter 11 seeking debtor‐in‐possession (DIP) financing often fit this profile. We investigate the presence of lock‐in effects using a sample of 348 DIP loans. We account for endogeneity using the instrument variable (IV) approach and the Heckman selection model and find consistent evidence that prior lending relationship is associated with higher interest costs and the effect is more severe for stronger existing relationships. Our study provides direct evidence that prior lending relationships do create a lock‐in effect under certain circumstances, such as DIP financing.     

Bank lending channel in a dual banking system: Why are Islamic banks so responsive?

We examine the interest rate sensitivity of both deposits and credits at Islamic and conventional banks in Turkey. We find that the bank lending channel is especially operative for Islamic banks. Impulse responses for conventional and Islamic banks reveal that Islamic bank depositors’ sensitivity to policy rate changes is substantially larger than that of conventional bank depositors. Next to heavily dependence on deposit funding, we consider that inertia in Islamic bank deposit rates impedes these banks to keep those depositors who consider the opportunity cost of monetary policy rates is unbearable. On the lending side, we obtain similar results, implying that tight monetary policy leads to a larger contraction in Islamic bank credits. This finding is a reflection of the favourable attitude of Islamic banks towards small and medium‐sized enterprise (SME) financing. When similar relationships are analysed for currency and inflation shocks, we again find larger responses for Islamic banks showing the cyclical nature of SME credits.