Trajectories to reconcile sharing and commercialization in the maker movement

Maker technologies, including collaborative digital fabrication tools like 3-D printers, enable entrepreneurial opportunities and new business models. To date, relatively few highly successful maker startups have emerged, possibly due to the dominant mindset of the makers being one of cooperation and sharing. However, makers also strive for financial stability and many have profit motives. We use a multiple case study approach to explore makers’ experiences regarding the tension between sharing and commercialization and their ways of dealing with it. We conducted interviews with maker initiatives across Europe including Fab Labs, a maker R&D center, and other networks of makers. We unpack and contextualize the concepts of sharing and commercialization. Our cross-case analysis leads to a new framework for understanding these entrepreneurs’ position with respect to common-good versus commercial offerings. Using the framework, we describe archetypal trajectories that maker initiatives go through in the dynamic transition from makers to social enterprises and social entrepreneurs.     

面向计算机专业的数理逻辑实验课的教学改革

随着定理证明技术在国内科研院所、大专院校以及企业中的推广,在面向计算机专业的数理逻辑课程中开展基于定理证明器的实验课教学,可以引入更多计算的色彩,调动学生的学习兴趣,对推动数理逻辑教学改革有着积极的作用。     

Mitigating the Myopia of Dominant Logics: On Differential Performance and Strategic Supply Chain Research

The primary question of management scholarship is, “What leads some firms to be successful even as others fail?” Over the years, a variety of dominant logics have emerged to inform this question. Synthesized, these logics make it clear that companies win when they create customer value better than the competition and efficiently enough to be profitable. That is, firms that design distinctive and dynamic value‐added systems win competitive battles. This observation is salient to the Journal of Business Logistics community as systems design and value creation are focal decision areas of supply chain management. With this in mind, we briefly discuss two of many areas for which strategic supply chain research can inform differential performance.     

高炉料车主卷扬的变频控制

高炉主卷扬上料系统为整个高炉电气控制系统的核心设备,负责原料的输送。对卷扬系统采用高新技术进行合理控制与优化是现代钢铁工艺领域的一个重要课题。本次卷扬系统的设计以6SE7系列变频器作为传动部分的核心控制部件,并与主控PLC自动化系统紧密结合使用,从而使系统更稳定,操控更灵活。     

How Useful Are the Strategic Tools We Teach in Business Schools?

Strategic tools are indispensible for business and competitive analysis. Yet we know very little about managers' internal logic as they put these tools into practical use. We situate our study in a business school context using action learning prior to the manifestation of practice to complement our understanding of practice. Using Personal Construct Theory and Repertory Grids, our mid‐range theorizing showed that, contrary to current thinking about strategic tools, managers think in dualities (often paradoxically) and have a preference for multiple‐tools‐in‐use, tools that provide different perspectives, peripheral vision, connected thinking, simultaneously help differentiate and integrate complex issues, and guide the thinking process. These findings are important for designing better tools and the nurturing of critical managerial competencies needed for a complicated world. Our study's focus also has wider implications for scholars as we see our own material evaluated by those who will put these lessons into practice.     

中国式现代化进程中着力推进高质量发展的系统逻辑

在中国式现代化进程中,中国经济必须摆脱传统数量型增长的路径依赖,着力推进高质量发展,才能缓解社会主要矛盾,实现经济持续健康稳定的发展。在中国式现代化进程中,着力推进中国经济高质量发展的系统逻辑包括历史逻辑、价值逻辑、理论逻辑、实践逻辑和政策逻辑五个维度。从着力推进高质量发展的历史逻辑出发,主要矛盾的转化决定了中国经济发展模式必需从数量型经济增长向高质量发展转型。推进高质量发展的价值逻辑要求建立以质量为发展目标的价值判断体系,形成现实价值与终极价值相结合的价值判断体系。推进高质量发展的理论逻辑是中国经济高质量发展的最优路径选择,而最优路径选择应是符合价值逻辑要求的经济系统、自然系统和社会系统三大系统之间质量的耦合与互动。最优路径选择在微观、中观和宏观层面又具体表现为微观质量、中观质量和宏观质量三位一体的实践逻辑。着力推进高质量发展的政策逻辑的关键在于建立以创新驱动政策、结构协调政策和质量变革政策为核心的政策体系。     

顾客价值创新及其战略效应

基于顾客价值创新营造的是一种基于逻辑的竞争优势,它是对传统竞争对抗性战略逻辑的一大突破。顾客价值创新的战略焦点不在于竞争而在于顾客,不是为了击败竞争对手,也不是要比竞争对手做得更好,而是通过顾客价值创新,为顾客提供更具价值的产品或服务,以满足不断变化着的顾客需求与偏好。本文通过分析顾客价值创新的两种模式,探讨了顾客价值创新的战略效应。     

A Social Contract Account for CSR as an Extended Model of Corporate Governance (II): Compliance,Reputation and Reciprocity

This essay seeks to give a contractarian foundation to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), meant as an extended model of corporate governance of the firm. Whereas, justificatory issues have been discussed in a related paper (Sacconi, L.: 2006b, this journal), in this essay I focus on the implementation of and compliance with this normative model. The theory of reputation games, with reference to the basic game of trust, is introduced in order to make sense of self-regulation as a way to implement the social contract on the multi-fiduciary model of corporate governance. This affords understanding of why self-regulation, meant as mere recourse to a long-run strategy in a repeated trust game, fails. Two basic problems for the functioning of the reputation mechanism are examined: the cognitive fragility problem, and the motivational problem. As regards the cognitive fragilities of reputation (which result from the impact of unforeseen contingencies and from bounded rationality), the paper develops the logic and the structure that self-regulatory norms must satisfy if they are to serve as gap-filling tools with which to remedy cognitive limitations in the reputation mechanism. The motivation problem then arises from the possibility of sophisticated abuse by the firm. Developed in this case is an entirely new application of the theory of conformism-and-reciprocity-based preferences, the result of which is that the stakeholders refuse to acquiesce to sophisticated abuse on the part of the firm. Lorenzo Sacconi is professor of economics and Unicredit Chair in economic ethics and corporate social responsibility at the Department of Economics of the University of Trento, where he leads the LaSER - Laboratory of research in Social responsibility, Ethics and Rationality, and head of the graduate program (laurea magistralis) in “economic decisions, enterprise and corporate social responsibility”. He is also director of EconomEtica, the interuniversity centre for economic ethics and corporate social responsibility joining over 20 Italian Universities placed at the Milano-Bicocca University. Past president of tthe Italian Business Ethics Network and past member of the EBEN executive committtee, currrently he is a member of the executive committee of the Italian chapter of EBEN (EBEN Italy). On related subjects, he is author of the book: The social contract of the firm, Springer, 2000     

从IMC到整合营销的分析及发展逻辑

IMC是20世纪90年代营销界的一个重要内容。从IMC发展到整合营销理论是营销理论发展的合理逻辑。整合营销理论是以4C、5R等为分析的基础,顾客导向和竞争导向的平衡为其发展的战略逻辑。各利害关系人的互惠最大化是整合营销理论进一步发展的关键。     

服务逻辑的修正——基于价值创造的观点

采用理论分析和概念构建方法分别分析了基于消费者和基于供应商的服务逻辑以及价值创造，通过对交换价值和使用价值的探讨，首先明确了使用价值是价值创造的基础，顾客才是真正的价值创造者；其次指出企业采用服务逻辑可以参与到顾客价值生成过程当中，企业的市场提供物应该扩展到企业与顾客之间的互动，这样企业才能成为顾客价值的合作创造者；最后，提出了十个服务逻辑命题，以便为营销实践人员提供全新的视角理解顾客价值创造．为服务实践提供理论基础。