Two-Party Negotiation Modeling: An Integrated Fuzzy Logic Approach

Game theoretic models attempted to predict unique equilibrium outcomes of negotiations with limited success. The imprecise character of negotiation is often altered to fit the game theorist's exacting approach. Alternative models deviated from the formal game theoretic approach and attempted to accommodate concepts such as negotiator power and time pressure. In this paper, we introduce a model which uses a fuzzy logic approach to deal with the imprecision in the negotiation process and to integrate several negotiation theories. The new model is used to simulate multiple-issue, two-party negotiations and results are consistent with established negotiation theories.     

弗雷格概念论探微

弗雷格的研究方法与研究成果对推进逻辑与哲学研究都有重要意义。本文从弗雷格的具体论述出发 ,阐明了弗雷格的独特的概念论体系及其逻辑本体论 ,然后依据其思想对语义悖论做了简要解析 ,指明语义悖论或因符号指谓不清或因错用谓词而不成立。     

从“产品主导逻辑”到“顾客参与的价值共创”——看西方服务范式四十年来的理论演进

服务研究已经成为近四十年来的热点研究问题,从传统经典理论发展出的产品主导逻辑到服务主导逻辑与价值共创,服务范式的研究不断演进,如何认知服务的问题一直是学术界讨论的热点,文章对服务范式研究的发展历史与演进过程进行了梳理和分析,归纳、识别了包括产品主导逻辑、服务特征范式、关系主导范式、顾客接触范式、服务体验范式、服务主导逻辑和统一服务理论等七种不同的服务范式,分析了当前研究中的不足和面临的挑战,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Service value and switching barriers: a personal values perspective

This research aims to investigate how customers, the key actors in a service relationship, perceive service value and switching barriers. The study is framed along the means-end-chain theory of personal values and theory of customer resources in the service-dominant logic. Hypotheses about the impact of personal values on customer value, switching barriers and customer loyalty were tested using structural equation modeling of survey data obtained from the health care and retail banking sectors in Vietnam. The results show that in both sectors, personal values have a significant impact on perceived process and outcome value as well as on perceived economic and relational switching barriers. Economic barriers were found to affect loyalty in the banking sector, in the same way that relational barriers affect loyalty in the health-care sector only. Loyalty in both sectors is influenced by process but not by outcome value. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

Value co-creation in industrial cities: a strategic source of competitive advantages

This study proposed and tested comprehensive value co-creation activities and assessed its impact on creating value and building competitive advantages with the aim of developing a comprehensive framework for value co-creation process. Specifically, the study developed, and empirically tested, Prahalad’s and Gebauer’s et al. five activities of co-creation and explored the relationship between the new comprehensive value co-creation activities, co-creation value and competitive advantages in industrial cities. A structural equation modelling is employed to test the hypothesised relations. The data used were collected from 221 Egyptian manufacturing firms across different industries. Findings suggested the presence of a positive relationship between the activities of value co-creation (namely: partner engagement, co-reflection and co-recovery) and co-creation of value. Interesting findings revealed that self-service and co-design were not found to have an impact on co-creation of value. In addition, co-creation value positively impacts competitive advantages. This study provides guidelines for management practices within firms seeking to develop their capabilities and deliver superior value.     

Unlocking the transformative potential of customer data in retailing

Retailers collect, process, and use large amounts of data about customers: what they buy, how they buy, when they buy – and when customer loyalty cards are used – who buys the product or service. The use of customer data within the customer relationship management (CRM) framework has largely remained one sided. The potential of customer data for the benefit of the customer’s well-being still needs to be addressed. Reverse use of customer data, i.e. the process of firms converting customer data into information that is meaningful for the customers, extends attention toward using customer data for the benefit of the customer. In addition, selling goods to customers retailers can revise customer data into relevant and meaningful information that can support their well-being. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to identify and illustrate the transformative potential of the reverse use of customer data in retailing. This is achieved by reviewing literature on CRM, S-D logic, and transformative consumer research, and conducting a case study of a food retailer using point-of-sale data to provide customers with information about the healthfulness of their food purchases. Anonymous customer feedback data is collected and analyzed, and as a result, the transformative potential of customer data is reflected through five themes: self-monitoring, enhanced diet, food literacy, peace of mind, and beyond food healthfulness. These themes illustrate customers’ well-being outcomes resulting from reverse use of customer data.     

互联网医疗服务系统的设计及评估

从服务科学的角度研究互联网医疗,首先对互联网医疗服务模式的发展现状和研究现状进行分析。然后从互联网医疗服务的愿景、目标、要素、影响因素等方面出发,建立互联网医疗服务系统,一方面简化就诊流程,提高服务效率和服务质量;另一方面实现分级诊疗,实现医疗资源的合理利用。最后从服务主导逻辑的角度,从服务根源、服务过程、价值共同创造和服务生态系统四个方面对互联网医疗服务系统的价值进行评估。     

Reasoning about knowledge of unawareness

Awareness has been shown to be a useful addition to standard epistemic logic. However, standard propositional logics for knowledge and awareness cannot express the fact that an agent knows that there are facts of which he is unaware without there being an explicit fact that the agent knows he is unaware of. We extend Fagin and Halpern's logic of general awareness to a logic that allows quantification over variables, so that there is a formula in the language that says “an agent explicitly knows that there exists a fact of which he is unaware.” Moreover, that formula can be true without the agent explicitly knowing that he is unaware of any particular formula. We provide a sound and complete axiomatization of the logic. Finally, we show that the validity problem for the logic is recursively enumerable, but not decidable.     

IMC in digitally-empowering contexts: the emerging role of negotiated brands

In current digitally-empowering contexts, the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) paradigm may have lost its ‘original’ customer-centric focus. Drawing on service-dominant logic, the paper examines the changes to IMC when multiple sources of consumer power emerge as central in the value creation process. This change in the focus of IMC likely enables the emergence of negotiated brands, i.e. brands that focus on a marketplace where traditional marketer-created brand value may be replaced by buyer and seller co-created value. The paper argues that this novel type of brand structure represents an appropriate managerial response to multidimensional IMC approaches. As that occurs, four key issues (community-centric orientation, emergent strategy, hybrid communication mix, reciprocity-based assessment) emerge which lead to a number of research questions in the planning and execution of marketing communications in today’s digitally-empowered contexts. All these issues clearly highlight the consumers’ contributions to brand value co-creation, by reaffirming the ‘original’ outside-in perspective of IMC.     

生态治理:政府主导作用的逻辑理路、基本样态 和多维转型

在推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的进程中,生态治理在国家治理体系中举足轻重。面对经济转型带来的各种生态环境问题,基于市场经济的局限性和政府基本职能的价值指向,政府在生态治理中起主导作用。提供财政、税收、金融体制支撑和决策、法律、监督、激励、补偿机制保障是政府发挥生态治理主导作用的基本样态。价值理念、思维方式和行动逻辑三个维度的转型则是对政府提升生态治理能力的进一步诠释。