民营企业的政治资源与民营企业多元化投资——以中国民营企业500强为例

This paper argues that the political resources owned by Chinese private enterprises affect their diversification strategy under the context of China’s transitional economy. Based on the sample of top 500 private enterprises in 2004 in China, we find the following empirical evidence: First, political resources owned by private enterprises are positively and significantly related to their degree of diversification. Second, the possibility for private enterprises to diversify their business by entering industries under government regulation is positively related to their political resources. Third, the possibility of related diversification for private enterprise is negatively related to its political resources. Translated and revised from Zhongguo Gongye Jingji 中国工业经济 (China Industrial Economy ), 2008, (4): 5–14     

浅析女装垫肩的流行与演变

女装垫肩在30年代兴起并开始流行,流行的背后是设计师的创意和众多社会因素,女权主义运动的兴起正是其中的重要因素之一。2008年秋冬以来,垫肩以强烈的全新姿态高调重现,肩部的造型变化成为最吸引眼球的看点,女强人的形象再一次备受推崇,并成为了普遍意义上的时尚。     

Implementation strategy and performance outcomes in related diversification

Strategy research has a long‐standing interest in the performance consequences of corporate diversification. In theory, resource sharing should yield economic benefits in related multi‐business firms, but the extensive empirical research remains equivocal. To explore this paradox, this paper examines the process of implementing a related diversification strategy. Working from existing theory, a formal model is constructed that describes the process and performance implications of a related diversification move. The model is analyzed using computer simulation, and the analysis suggests that successful diversification strategies require managerial policies that maintain organization slack. In the absence of such policies, related diversification can negatively impact firm performance even when substantial synergy opportunities exist. The analysis also demonstrates, contrary to existing theory, that diversification strategies based on a very high degree of relatedness can lead to lower performance than less related strategies in some circumstances. Counter‐intuitively, extracting potential synergies may require additional investment in shared resources. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公司多元化战略的关键因素及其问题分析

多元化战略被业界广泛采纳,但实施的效果却有明显差异。其实多元化战略对于某些公司并不适用,如果忽视了公司的核心能力与市场风险,公司的多元化战略将会以失败告终。因此,企业必须注重协同效应,注重做好主业,通过核心能力的延伸与拓展使多元化战略取得明显成效。     

地勘单位产业发展的战略思考

文章结合湖南省地矿局的实际 ,分析了地勘单位产业发展的必要性 ,指出了目前地勘单位产业发展中存在着工勘业领域过广 ,优势产业不明显 ;多种经营业发展不稳定等问题。指出应努力使基地物业逐渐成为地勘单位经济亮点。认为确定优势产业是地勘单位产业发展的必然选择 ,而做强做大优势产业是地勘单位产业发展的关键。     

企业多元化决策的一个理论模型

本文通过建立数学模型，描述了业务市场特征线的特征以及企业多元维度和规模选择与企业资源及市场特征之间的关系，并讨论了企业多元化决策的一般逻辑过程。本文目的在于为企业的多元化决策和从事该领域研究的学者提供一个基础性的理论分析框架。     

Managerial ownership and corporate diversification: a longitudinal view

Strategy and finance research suggests that managerial ownership results in increased incentive alignment and therefore is negatively related to corporate diversification. Using a longitudinal approach, we develop arguments to examine whether managerial ownership is associated with subsequent changes in diversification and/or if diversification is associated with subsequent changes in ownership. The results indicate that levels of managerial ownership in one time period are not associated with subsequent changes in corporate diversification, which raises incentive alignment questions. We also find that higher levels of corporate diversification are associated with changes in managerial ownership, which suggests support for the employment risk‐reduction perspective. This study provides important reasons to reassess the longitudinal implications of the managerial ownership‐corporate diversification link from both theoretical and managerial perspectives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Concentration of the UK Stock Market

Abstract:  During 1999 and 2000 a large number of articles appeared in the financial press which argued that the concentration of the FTSE 100 had increased. Many of these reports suggested that stock market volatility in the UK had risen, because the concentration of its stock markets had increased. This study undertakes a comprehensive measurement of stock market concentration using the FTSE 100 index. We find that during 1999, 2000 and 2001 stock market concentration was noticeably higher than at any other time since the index was introduced. When we measure the volatility of the FTSE 100 index we do not find an association between concentration and its volatility. When we examine the variances and covariance's of the FTSE 100 constituents we find that security volatility appears to be positively related to concentration changes but concentration and the size of security covariances appear to be negatively related. We simulate the variance of four versions of the FTSE 100 index; in each version of the index the weighting structure reflects either an equally weighted index, or one with levels of low, intermediate or high concentration. We find that moving from low to high concentration has very little impact on the volatility of the index. To complete the study we estimate the minimum variance portfolio for the FTSE 100, we then compare concentration levels of this index to those formed on the basis of market weighting. We find that realised FTSE index weightings are higher than for the minimum variance index.     

Foreign‐based competition and corporate diversification strategy

Since the mid‐1980s U.S. domestic firms have faced significant increases in foreign‐based (i.e., import) competition as reductions in barriers to international commerce have resulted in markets and industries becoming increasingly global. Despite the growing and widespread importance of foreign‐based competition, the influence that such competition may exert on corporate diversification strategy is a question largely overlooked in the strategic management literature. This paper examines the impact of foreign‐based competition in a firm's core business on both the level and nature of a firm's diversification strategy at the corporate level in a panel dataset of U.S. firms over the period 1985–94. Our findings provide the first evidence that increased foreign‐based competition is indeed a statistically significant factor explaining both the reduced business‐level diversity and the increased strategic focus of U.S. firms that has been widely perceived over the past two decades. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A view of the European Union as an evolving country portfolio

We apply portfolio theory to assess the consequences in terms of risk sharing of the evolution of the industry mix of European Union countries between 1986 and 1997, and of the changes in the membership configurations of both economic and monetary unions. We compute a measure of risk-return performance for EU countries, by considering countries as collections of industries, and observe that risk-return performance improved in most countries. We find that the EU9 is marginally more efficient than the other historical EU groupings and that the Euro Zone might slightly benefit from the inclusion of the United Kingdom.