大学生综合素质测评体系理论及应用研究

当前高校都树立了教学、服务和管理三位一体的素质教育目标,因此建立一个符合时代要求的大学生素质测评体系尤为关键。要想对大学生素质有客观准确的测评,就需要科学的测评指标选择,并且赋予各指标适当的权重。为了满足21世纪社会对人才新要求,高校应该从过去的素质测评体系中汲取经验,充分适应时代的新要求,构建适合素质教育的新的大学生素质测评体系。     

The spatial and temporal variation in passenger service rate and its impact on train dwell time: A time-series clustering approach using dynamic time warping

This study aims to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism of passenger boarding and alighting processes, as well as its potential influence on train dwell time and train operation. Empirical data collected from one of busiest metro stations in Seoul, Korea, demonstrates the spatial and temporal variation in the passenger service rate, as a result of interference between boarding, alighting, and standing passengers. This study postulates that the level of interference can be associated with the train car occupancy and the proximity of train door to entry points, as waiting passengers tend to cluster near the platform entries. A unique temporal service rate curve is derived from each door location. We introduce Dynamic Time Warping for similarity assessment and clustering. It revealed four groups of train doors showing distinct shapes of curve from each platform. The first cluster includes the train doors located closest to the platform entry points where the initial service rate is drastically impeded by severe inference among passengers. The level of interference gradually diminishes as the door is located farther away from the entry points, but the overall service rate decreases as well. A passenger service time model is derived to include the cluster variable. To test its significance, the prediction capability of the model is presented with and without the cluster variable. The results of this study may be used to guide waiting passengers along the platform to minimize interference and to avoid serious disruption during passenger service time.     

宽松的环境政策能吸引更多的外商直接投资吗——基于中国工业省级面板数据的分析

利用我国1997~2009年的工业省级面板数据和动态面板GMM估计方法,考察了相对宽松的环境政策是否是吸引FDI的主要原因。研究发现,环境政策较宽松的地区能够吸引更多的外资流入,但这种影响并不大,所以,以降低环境标准、牺牲环境为代价来吸引FDI不是明智之举;与东、中部地区相比,西部在吸引FDI上处于明显劣势,这在一定程度上加剧了我国经济结构的失衡。     

Counting the cost: the reserve price scheme for wool 1970‐2001

This paper provides a policy commentary on the collapse in 1991 of the Australian Reserve Price Scheme for wool. A key cause of the collapse in the Scheme was a change in the RPS's governance arrangements, which led to increased political pressures to raise prices to unsustainable levels. In addition, in this paper an estimation has been made of the direct, upfront costs of the operation of the scheme, drawing on the financial accounts of the various agencies operating the RPS and subsequent wool stockpile. This was undertaken to determine the scale of the policy failure.     

Optimal Land Development with Endogenous Environmental Amenities

A spatially explicit model of the optimal timing and location of land development is presented that incorporates dynamic interactions between land development and water quality. Ignoring two-way interactions leads to a lower level of water quality, more development, and lower social welfare. The optimal pace and pattern of development can be achieved through the assessment of an impact fee that internalizes pollution damages and irreversibility costs. Our results demonstrate the importance of accounting for the spatial dimension of land use, the interdependence between land use and environmental quality, and development irreversibility in models of urbanization and amenity-driven growth.     

祁连山国家级自然保护区周边经济发展模式探讨

通过对祁连山自然保护区周边农牧民经济状况的调查发现,这些地区普遍存在着生活水平低、生产资金短缺、产业结构单一等阻碍经济发展的问题,通过对当地自然和社会经济发展情况进行分析,结合对保护区周边农牧民抽样问卷调查,提出了发展生态旅游、进行新兴农牧业发展等适合本地区经济发展的模式。     

Feeding management of dairy cattle affect grassland dynamics in an alpine pasture

The effect of different supplementary feeding rates for grazing cattle on high-altitude pastures dynamics was evaluated. A field experiment was carried out during three years in a subalpine pasture area of the Eastern Alps. The investigated pasture area was 40?ha, located between 1820 and 2230?m?a.s.l. Two paddocks were chosen in the experiment and two herds of 12 cattle each were kept in the two enclosures for 5 weeks. For the first herd (HS), the supplementary feeding rate was 4.8?kg?OM?head^?1 per day, while for the second herd (LS), the rate was 1.6?kg?OM?head^?1 per day. The amount of herbage consumed by each cattle was determined using the n-alkane technique. To monitor the pasture vegetation dynamics, eight metal exclusion cages were placed in each paddock to determine herbage growth, utilization rates, vegetation composition and animal grazing selectivity. Grazing behaviour of dairy cattle, in terms of herbage intake and species selection was affected by the different feeding rates. Cattle grazing Paddock HS consumed 1.9?kg?OM?day^?1 of herbage less than Paddock LS. In the LS paddock, cattle grazed higher phytomass rates. When the animals were fed by higher concentrate rates, a more selective grazing seemed to significantly increase the pasture necromass component. The lower grazing selectivity favoured the development of species as Nardus stricta and Deschampsia caespitosa, which are well known for their low palatability. Distinct vegetation dynamic patterns were observed, with a reduction of hair grass and an increase of legumes in the Paddock LS.     

浅谈自然保护区规划与管理——以龙凤自然保护区为例

随着近年来党和国家对自然保护区的建设情况的高度重视,自然保护区的规划与管理成为了工作的重中之重。合理高效的方法将直接切实影响到自然保护区的规划、管理、建设,直接影响自然保护区相关相关工作的进展落实情况。自然保护区以它特有的巨大的生态价值和环境效应成为了国内外重点研究的对象,本文就龙凤自然保护区简析国内自然保护区的规划与管理,针对国内外现状进行分析,找出不足和存在的问题,结合实际情况,提出建议和可行性高的解决方案。     

中国城市土地经济密度的分布动态演进

研究目的:探究城市土地经济密度的整体分布特征及其演进规律,为实现城市土地利用系统与城市社会经济系统的高效融合及协调发展提供指导与参考。研究方法:核密度估计,马尔科夫链。研究结果:(1)中国城市土地经济密度的整体水平不断提高,但存在着显著的空间非均衡特征,基本呈现出东部地区中部地区西部地区的地理格局;(2)在全国层面和东、中、西部三大区域层面,城市土地经济密度的地区差距在样本考察期内都不断加剧,且各地区城市土地经济密度在发展过程中都出现过不同程度的极化现象;(3)中国不同水平城市土地经济密度之间的流动性较差,各省份在总体城市土地经济密度分布中的相对位置比较稳定,且城市土地经济密度的长期均衡状态将处于中高水平和高水平。研究结论:采取差异化的城市土地利用管控策略和经济调控策略,实现东部、中部和西部地区城市土地利用与经济发展的协同共进。     

集体林区资源异质性农户林业生产行为动态特征及差异研究——以湖南省为例

分别以商品林农户、公益林农户和兼有林农户作为研究对象,采用描述性分析从林业生产过程和投入产出两个维度客观揭示3类农户林业生产行为动态特征及差异。打破将林区农户作为同质整体的传统假设进行研究的结果表明:商品林、公益林和兼有林农户林业生产行为整体趋势比较积极,但在造林、管护、采伐行为及林业投入产出等方面存在明显差异。因此,建议通过政策引导、市场调剂等方式形成商品林、公益林差异化经营优势,确保农户利益的同时,更好的贯彻森林分类经营管理理念,维护国家生态安全。