模式变迁与性别平等—社会性别视角中的中国城镇女性就业

计划经济时代我国城镇女性的就业模式是“去性别化”的,该模式导致女性对社会性别角色的偏识;市场机制迫切呼唤更加灵活、弹性和多样化的女性就业模式与之适应。“性别化”的就业模式满足机会均等原则,对促进我国女性就业具有积极作用。我国政府应建立一系列与新的就业模式配套的,包括劳动就业、社会保障、继续教育等引导性而非约束性的公平与效率统一的社会政策,积极帮助女性转换就业观念,调整就业模式,保障女性的合法权益。     

当代大学生就业价值取向现状分析及引导研究

近年来随着大学毕业人数逐年增加,就业问题日益严峻.大学生就业价值取向直接影响着大学生的就业行为.课题组通过对大学生就业价值取向现状存在的问题进行分析,从国家、企业、高校、学生四个方面提出针对大学生就业价值取向的引导措施,以帮助大学生顺利就业.     

Surveillance in Employment: The Case of Teleworking

This paper looks at various ways teleworking can be linked to surveillance in employment, making recommendations about how telework can be made more acceptable. Technological methods can allow managers to monitor the actions of teleworkers as closely as they could monitor "on site" workers, and in more detail than the same managers could traditionally. Such technological methods of surveillance or monitoring have been associated with low employee morale. For an employer to ensure health and safety may require inspections of the teleworkplace. When the teleworkplace is in the home, there may be an invasion of privacy associated with such inspections, that could be perceived and resented as surveillance. A problem of telework is that teleworkers may feel isolated. Methods to counter this could be associated with further forms of surveillance, and fear of such surveillance may inhibit them from reaching their potential as methods to counter isolation. The idea that teleworking may also allow communications to be intercepted by third parties is also looked at. Some, but not all, of the issues considered are applicable, to some extent, in non-teleworked employment situations. The overall conclusion of the paper is that the potential exists for surveillance to be associated with telework. Fears of such surveillance may turn actors against telework. However, much can be done to reduce such fears.     

共享员工到底是什么?——源起、内涵、框架与趋势

新冠肺炎疫情下共享员工模式成为企业复工复产新功能。共享员工是一种新型用工模式,系统性梳理其理论内涵和发展框架,对共享员工模式的实践推广应用和后续理论深化探究具有重要引导作用。从源起、内涵、优势、挑战、策略与趋势等多维度系统性探讨共享用工模式理论框架,研究表明:共享员工模式作为共享经济和零工经济的结合体,其本质上是灵活用工模式的一种创新形态;B2B和C2B是新冠疫情下的企业主流应急共享用工模式;共享员工模式是一种多方共赢的合作用工新形态,未来应整合国家和社会、企业、劳动者个体等多方力量协同合作。     

经济增长视角下我国城镇职工工资与就业的动态效应分析

促进就业对实现社会稳定发展起到至关重要的作用。面对经济增长时期就业情况的变化,本文根据1978-2011年我国城镇职工的统计数据,建立了基于经济增长的工资与就业之间的变参数动态模型-状态空间模型,给出了工资与就业的动态效应分析。研究结果表明：工资与就业存在长期均衡关系;工资对就业的影响经历了“负相关-不相关-正相关”的动态演变过程;经济增长对就业的影响一直是正相关的,且2000年以后对就业的影响程度大于工资对就业的影响。     

Analyzing the Link Between Real GDP and Employment: An Industry Sector Approach

This paper offers insight into the “jobless recovery” phenomenon recently experienced in the U.S. economy by examining industry-sector employment responsiveness to the long-term real GDP expansion occurring during 1991- 2001. Two employment models are specified—one using real GDP as the only explanatory variable and the other using real GDP, five additional macroeconomic performance variables, and a time trend as explanatory variables. Monthly data for April 1991–March 2001, and OLSQ regressions are used to derive industry-sector elasticities of employment with respect to real GDP. Empirical results highlight the importance of controlling for non-real GDP macro variables when determining relationships between employment and real GDP. The results identify five industries exhibiting “jobless recovery” characteristics (having negative employment elasticities) and a broad range of employment elasticities across industry categories. The findings may be helpful to business economists modeling their own industry employment and suggest that even during extended periods of real GDP expansion, there may be a case for using industry-specific labor market transition initiatives to assist employment growth. JEL Classification C82,R31     

Liability Exposure Trends in Recruitment: An Assessment and Analysis of Retail Employment Applications

For many years interviews and written applications required the job applicant to provide answers to a wide range of questions. Initially the employer could and did ask questions on any subject in which he/she had an interest, including those of a personal nature. If the prospective employee refused to provide the information, the application was simply discarded without regard for any issues arising, involving discriminatory/disparate treatment or disparate impact on the job applicant. This article examines national and regional retail outlet employment applications. Our examination of these employment applications considers the information each application solicits, whether those questions seek information that would likely reveal an applicant's membership in a protected class, and thus to what degree retail employment applications create a discriminatory legal liability for the employer.     

和谐视域下的大学生就业援助体系探索与构建

厘清大学生就业援助对象、援助目标和实施主体是构建大学生就业援助体系的前提和依据。高校大学生就业援助是社会援助体系建设的重要组成部分。大学生就业援助体系应从政府、公共服务机构、高校、企事业单位和就业援助对象自身等五个层面来构建,确保大学生就业援助工作的系统性和完整性,实现大学生充分就业。     

Does studying the past help us understand the future? an examination of the expectations of Gen X knowledge workers

Abstract

Three demographic realities (large baby boom cohort, increasing longevity, declining birthrates) are driving unprecedented global shifts in population age distribution and require organizations wishing to attract, retain and engage mid-career, potentially disenfranchised talent in the 35 to 45-year-old age bracket (i.e. ‘Gen X’) to rethink management practices. This situation motivated the present research – a multi-method case study of Gen X knowledge workers that theoretically develops and uses objectivist grounded theory data analysis methodology to empirically test a typology describing possible subgroups within this cohort of employees who differ in terms of their formative experiences in the labor market. Analysis of data identified four subgroups within our sample of Gen X knowledge workers which share various similarities but also differ dramatically concerning what they expect from and how they view their current employer. Findings support the idea that different formative labor market experiences can result in generational sub-cohorts who want different things from employers and perceive the world differently. These findings can be used by researchers to launch further study of other potential subgroups in Gen X and other generational cohorts, and to organizations and practitioners in developing more effective recruitment and retention strategies for Gen X knowledge workers.     

Human resource management and industrial relations in Italy

Evolution of industrial relations and human resource management in Italy in the last decade is analysed through qualitative case studies, quantitative surveys and a combination of qualitative/quantitative data originating from network researches.

In the 1980s, complementary industrial relations/human resource management in Italy were based on the trade-off between employment security, work flexibility and industrial adjustment. In the 1990s this complementarity is under pressure from a second restructuring process (and privatization) of Italian enterprises.

The last surveys underline that the basic features of industrial relations were not altered, but the data confirm the critical importance of the relationship between industrial relations and human resource management and also the fragility of this balance.