铁路建设项目环境影响评价专家系统建立方法

通过介绍国内外铁路建设项目环境影响评价的软件情况,提出在我国建立铁路建设项目环境影响评价的专家系统,同时论述了系统建立的方法步骤:铁路建设项目典型环境影响类比数据库的研究;铁路建设项目典型环境影响强度及范围的研究;国外建设项目环境影响评价预测模式软件分析;铁路建设项目环境评价预测模式结构设计与功能研究。     

审计师行业专长对研发活动盈余管理的监督效应

行业专长是审计师所具有的核心能力之一,具有行业专长的审计师具有更多行业知识和经验,有助于其发挥对研发活动中盈余管理的治理作用。本文以2008-2014年A股上市公司为研究对象,研究审计师行业专长对研发活动中盈余管理的监督效应,发现具有行业专长的审计师能够有效抑制企业异常研发支出削减的真实盈余管理,具有行业专长的审计师客户更不可能将不满足资本化条件的研发支出进行资本化,抑制了会计政策选择的盈余管理。因此,具有行业专长审计师的外部治理效应对研发活动的管理具有重要的积极作用。     

产业专用化行为及其激励研究——来自中国证券审计市场的检验

本文从产业组织的视角,研究了中国证券审计市场上会计师事务所的产业专用化行为及其投资激励。我们发现,仅仅在5个二位数行业代码的产业中,一些事务所具有产业专用化行为和行业专家才能。进一步对产业专用化行为的激励研究表明,那些具有行业专家才能的行业领导者通过产业专用化行为实行了差异化的市场策略,收取了更高的审计费溢价。但是非行业领导者通过产业专用化行为实现了规模经济,并将这种成本节约与客户分享以提高其市场份额。因此,会计师事务所的产业专用化行为的激励取决于其实施的市场策略。     

Tourism in China and professionalism: An insider's perspective

This paper starts with an overview of tourism development in China in the past two decades. While highlighting much of the government initiative which makes progress possible, it tries to pinpoint the primary cause of the existing problems China faces. It is the lack of professionalism, which can be found in government decision making, business management and operation, education and training. The solutions will come mainly from the inside, and one can see efforts being made by policy‐makers and the front‐line people, but it is believed that overseas professionals have a positive role to play, as they have done in China's hospitality industry in the past.     

Competition In Mediation Services: Modeling the Role of Expertise,Satisfaction, and Switching Costs

This article analyzes competition among mediation service providers that match clients and vendors in a horizontally differentiated market. This is an issue that is important for decision support of mediators in determining pricing and service strategies. We present a simulation model to simultaneously represent search as well as the behaviors of clients, vendors, and multiple competing mediators. Among our findings: intermediaries find it optimal to offer registration fee incentives and derive revenues from transaction fees from successful matches; as switching costs increase, incumbent utilities increase and entrant utilities decrease; expertise, modeled as the ability of mediators to assess vendor attributes accurately, is a powerful competitive weapon for entrants to erode the incumbent intermediary's first mover advantage. On the other hand, client satisfaction is an instrument for an incumbent intermediary to deter entrance by competitors.     

Social expertise: a new view to explain spatial divergences in personal consumer loan prices

The objective of this paper is to explain geographical divergences in interest rates on personal loans to households using aggregated consumer knowledge-related metrics as predictors. The researchers quantitatively test their approach in countries in the Eurozone and in the Italian and Spanish regions. Social expertise explains between 69% and 84% of variance in household loan market prices at an international and inter-regional level. The approach taken is tested using real market data established after real service encounters and not published or recommended prices.     

Transnational corporations and spatial divisions of ‘service’ expertise as a competitive strategy: the example of 3M and Boeing

Production processes are becoming increasingly more complicated as firms develop corporate strategies that are designed to increase profitability or capture market share. The focus of this article is on manufacturing companies (3M and Boeing) and on understanding the social organisation of production and the ways in which firms manipulate spatial divisions of expertise (service inputs) as well as labour (manufacturing inputs). This distinction recognises that there are important differences between production and non-production tasks. The 3M case examines the firm's global labour market by exploring the geographies of its transnational or foreign service employees. The Boeing case examines the design and manufacture of the 787 and the development by Boeing of a new complex spatial division of expertise.     

Expertise Makes Perfect: How the Variance of a Reviewer's Historical Ratings Influences the Persuasiveness of Online Reviews

Online reviews have become an important source of information for consumers’ purchase decisions. Drawing upon the consumer expertise and persuasion literature, this study proposes that consumers are more willing to accept a reviewer's recommendation when his/her historical ratings in a certain product domain display greater variance. Five experiments provide consistent support for this hypothesis and the underlying process. Study 1 tests the proposed effect of a reviewer's rating variance on consumers’ willingness to accept the reviewer's recommendation. Studies 2 and 3 show that this effect can be attributed to perceptions regarding the reviewer's expertise. Moreover, this “variance-expert inference” effect is attenuated when the consumption experience of the reviewer is limited (Study 4) and when the consumers are familiar with the products (Study 5). The theoretical implications for the online review and persuasion literature and practical implications for online retailers are discussed.     

Online persuasion of review emotional intensity: A text mining analysis of restaurant reviews

Consumer-generated restaurant reviews are important sources in consumers’ purchase decisions. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of emotional intensity on perceived review usefulness as well as the moderating effects of review length and reviewer expertise. Data from 600,686 reviews of 300 popular restaurants in the US were obtained from Yelp. Using a text mining approach and econometric analysis, empirical results show that (1) positive emotional intensity has a negative impact on perceived review usefulness, whereas negative emotional intensity has a positive impact on perceived review usefulness; (2) among the two most prevalent discrete negative emotions in online reviews (i.e., anger and anxiety), reviews expressing anger are more useful than those expressing anxiety; and (3) review length and reviewer expertise can moderate the effect of emotional intensity on perceived review usefulness.