从汇率制度视角看我国商业银行的流动性过剩

从汇率制度角度透视我国当前的商业银行流动性过剩现象,目的在于为经济金融的进一步开放提供理论依据和决策参考。本文通过对“三元悖论”理论的解读和1998～2006年各季度数据的实证检验,揭示了我国商业银行流动性过剩与汇率制度之间存在密切相关性,即在我国现行的汇率制度下,外汇储备的不断增加直接导致了商业银行存差的扩大,造成金融系统乃至整个社会的流动性过剩。基于上述研究,作者提出了如下相关建议:完善我国汇率形成的市场机制,培育相对均衡汇率;深化我国外汇管理体制改革,有序开放资本市场;汇率制度改革要与其他政策改革协调配合。     

What Drives the Consequences of Intentional Misstatements? Evidence from Rating Analysts’ Reactions

This paper aims to identify the mechanisms through which intentional misstatements adversely affect firms by analyzing rating analysts’ reaction to misstatements. In order to identify the mechanisms through which the misstatement affects firms’ credit ratings, we analyze the content of rating reports. Rating analysts are concerned about seven different mechanisms. They are most concerned about misstatement‐related violations of debt covenants that increase a firm's liquidity risk. We find that, subsequent to an intentional misstatement becoming publicly known, credit ratings of misreporting firms are adversely affected for up to seven years. The adverse impact of an intentional misstatement on a firm's credit rating is most pronounced in cases in which rating analysts mention concerns about misstatement‐related violations of covenants. Our results suggest that these covenant violations are the most severe mechanism through which misstatements adversely affect firms’ creditworthiness.     

International tourism demand and the business cycle

The focus of this study is on presenting causes and hypotheses for the existence of asymmetric income and price effects on tourism demand across business cycles. The theoretical assumptions were tested by analyzing tourism import demand in different source markets, drawing on econometric models that provide for the magnitudes of price and income effects either to vary depending on the phase of the business cycle or to remain stable across the business cycles. The major outcome of this study is that the general assumption in most of the tourism demand studies—i.e. that the income effects are symmetric—should not be expected to be automatically true for every source market.     

商业银行流动性过剩与区域金融资源配置失衡

本文从区域金融学的角度对我国商业银行流动性变化及其区域差异进行了剖析.研究发现,东部沿海发达地区信贷资金投放量过度,城乡金融资源配置差别太大,区域金融资源配置的失衡导致了全国城市商业银行流动性过剩.文章认为,疏通、引导社会资金流向,改善、优化欠发达地区的金融生态,防范、控制发达地区的金融风险,分步实施我国地区均衡开发战略,这是解决当前全国流动性过剩的根本路径.     

Liquidity and market makers: a pseudo-experimental analysis with ultrahigh frequency data

An analysis is given of the effect of market makers on liquidity using a transaction-level database. For this purpose, the focus is on a financial market where a change in regulations created explicitly the category of market maker in 1997 and that date is used to construct a pseudo-experiment. In contrast with other studies that use ultrahigh frequency data, the days to be analysed are selected using a statistical procedure to match observations before and after the change in regulation. The propensity score is used to perform the matching. After choosing the days, an estimate of an ordered probit model is made to explain the intraday behaviour of price changes. The coefficient estimates from the ordered probit model are used to calculate a measure of liquidity based on the steepness of the response function of price changes to volume. The results show that liquidity, measured in this way, has not been affected by the introduction of the market makers.     

Limit order books and trade informativeness

In the microstructure literature, information asymmetry is an important determinant of market liquidity. The classic setting is that uninformed dedicated liquidity suppliers charge price concessions when incoming market orders are likely to be informationally motivated. In limit order book (LOB) markets, however, this relationship is less clear, as market participants can switch roles, and freely choose to immediately demand or patiently supply liquidity by submitting either market or limit orders. We study the importance of information asymmetry in LOBs based on a recent sample of 30 German Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX) stocks. We find that Hasbrouck's (1991) measure of trade informativeness Granger causes book liquidity, in particular that required to fill large market orders. Picking-off risk due to public news-induced volatility is more important for top-of-the book liquidity supply. In our multivariate analysis, we control for volatility, trading volume, trading intensity and order imbalance to isolate the effect of trade informativeness on book liquidity.     

Liquidity and Optimal Market Transparency

In this paper I explore some of the consequences of greater market transparency for market performance in the presence of a strategic specialist. Although numerous studies have dealt with this issue, previous work has only considered either fully transparent or fully opaque markets. My model allows for different levels of transparency, and therefore sheds light on how transparency affects market performance. I show that an intermediate level of transparency can improve market performance relative to the more extreme cases of full transparency or no transparency at all.     

Does global liquidity drive commodity prices?

This paper tackles the question of whether a cross-sectional perspective on monetary policy is capable of explaining movements in global commodity prices. In this vein, we contribute to the rich literature on global liquidity in two different ways: on the one hand, to achieve a global series in terms of common monetary policy shocks, we propose a distinction between common and idiosyncratic factors across economies, as proposed by Bai and Ng (2004). Our second innovation stems from the consideration of a Markov-switching vector error correction model when analyzing time-varying short-run dynamics. Having identified the long-run structure which includes a proportional relationship between commodity prices and global liquidity in the first step, our results indeed show that the impact of a global liquidity measure on different commodity prices is significant and varies over time. One regime approximately accounts for times where commodity prices significantly adjust to disequilibria, while the second regime is characterized by either a weak or no commodity price adjustment. The fact that global liquidity also reacts to disequilibria in a specific regime demonstrates the two-way causality between monetary policy and commodity prices.     

我国股票市场流动性与股价的动态关系研究

关于股票市场中流动性与股价之间的关系,学术界一直存在争议,传统模型往往只能片面地反映。文章利用状态空间模型以及沪深300指数与中证500指数的数据,对我国股票市场流动性和股价之间的动态关系进行了深入研究。实证结果表明:第一,我国股票市场流动性对股价存在影响,在代表大市值企业的沪深300市场中,两者为正向关系且波动幅度较小;在代表小市值企业的中证500市场中,两者为负向关系且波动幅度较大。第二,在两个市场中股价对股票市场流动性都存在正向的影响关系,且以中证500指数为代表的小盘股市场表现更为明显。     

后金融危机时期解读我国宏观经济政策

在国际金融危机持续蔓延时期,各国出台相应政策扭转不利局势。我国政府在2008年和2009年也出台了多项宏观政策来应对危机,并取得了一定的成效。危机已过,余波未平,在后金融危机时期,这些政策发挥着怎样的作用,今后宏观调控的方针和措施是什么?本文将针对这些问题一一解读。