土地细碎化和土地质量是否影响小麦技术效率*——基于山东省小麦种植户的实证分析

［目的］小麦是我国重要的口粮之一,提高小麦的技术效率对于保障粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。在测算小麦技术效率的基础上,找出影响小麦技术效率的关键因素,为保障国家口粮安全提供参考。［方法］基于调研数据,运用超越对数生产函数以及一步随机前沿分析方法,构建计量模型分析土地细碎化和土地质量对小麦技术效率的影响。［结果］全部样本的技术效率差距较大,规模经营农户的技术效率高于小农户,农户技术效率最高的种植面积为67~333hm2,代表小麦种植的适宜规模。从技术效率的影响因素来看,土地细碎化程度和土地质量都对小麦生产的技术效率产生显著影响。［结论］为了提高小麦的技术效率,应该发展多种形式适度规模经营,鼓励创新土地流转形式,提高农业机械化水平; 深入开展土地质量调查,因地制宜地选择土地修复路径; 实行精准补贴,切实保护农民的利益。     

生产分割、周期协同与主要贸易伙伴的关联:1995～2008年

利用中国与17个主要贸易伙伴国1995～2008年的投入产出表和分行业双边进出口贸易数据,测算不同时期的双边生产分割程度。然后基于动态面板数据模型,综合分析了影响国际经济周期协同的决定性因素。研究发现,贸易在影响中国与主要贸易伙伴国的国际经济周期协同中存在两种不同方向的作用机制:以双边生产分割程度度量的互补品贸易对经济周期协同存在正向影响,而以双边贸易强度指标度量的替代品贸易对经济周期协同存在负向影响。同时研究还表明,双边金融整合程度对国际经济周期协同有正向影响,而产业结构相似性对国际经济周期协同的影响并不显著。     

经济地理与外资企业的区位选择

本文利用2004～2008年我国546类制造行业的省级面板数据,从新经济地理学的视角,研究了外资企业进入中国各省市区的决定因素。结果表明,各地的市场潜力、贸易成本、地理位置等新经济地理的因素对现阶段外资企业的区位选择有显著的影响,而传统FDI理论所关注的因素如工资成本、优惠政策等对外资企业的区位选择影响不显著。另外,本文还发现了各地区间还普遍存在着不同程度的市场分割现象,这会阻碍外资企业和FDI在省际的自由流动。这些结论对我国各地区今后有针对性地实施吸引外资企业和FDI的政策有一定借鉴意义。     

Landscape fragmentation in Mediterranean Europe: A comparative approach

Maintaining ecosystem continuity has become a central element in spatial planning policies. Several authors acknowledge the environmental, also known as landscape, fragmentation due to human action as one of the main causes which have negative effects on biodiversity. The phenomenon consists of the transformation of larger patches of habitat in smaller ones, or fragments, which tend to be more isolated than in the original condition. It is extremely evident in urban areas, including settlements and various transport and mobility infrastructures, whose main ecological effects include loss of habitat, increased mortality of plants, and isolation of animal and vegetal species. In this paper, we assess landscape fragmentation dynamics of six landscape units belonging to two European regions, i.e. Sardinia in Italy (from 2003 to 2008), and Andalusia in Spain (from 2005 to 2009). We developed on three indices: the Infrastructural Fragmentation Index (IFI), the Urban Fragmentation Index (UFI), and the Connectivity Index (CI). We found that coastal areas generally suffer from an higher pressure due to the demand of longer or faster transport infrastructures and new settlements and less fragmented areas tend to show the most relevant dynamics in a sort of convergent pattern. Even though landscape fragmentation and connectivity are intuitively complementary phenomena, in this paper we did not found any statistical evidence of this associative property.     

Investigation of the “China effect” on crowding out of Japanese FDI: An industry-level analysis (1990–2004)

This paper applies a dynamic panel model to investigate whether China is crowding out Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) from other economies of Asia. We examined this with industry-level data on Japanese FDI flows into Asian economies. In order to deal with possible problems of serial correlation and endogeneity, we estimated coefficients using a difference and system generalized method of moments to examine the “China effect” on industries. We found a significantly high degree of crowding out effect by China on its Asian counterparts. Among twelve industries, a crowding out effect was found in nine industries, including electrical &; electronics—the biggest industry for Japanese FDI. However, a complementary effect was found in two industries, one of them being transport, which is the second biggest industry for Japanese FDI. We conclude that while China's rise is a prominent threat for the region, it could be transformed into an opportunity in vertically fragmented industries.     

国际生产分割视角下的中国双边贸易平衡--以东亚经济体为例

为了解释中国近年来对东亚经济体贸易逆差持续地增加的现象,文章在国际生产分割背景下,分别基于总体、国家（地区）和行业视角,对1992—2012年中国与东亚8个经济体间的零部件贸易面板数据进行实证分析。结果表明：中国作为东亚国际生产网络中的枢纽,从日韩等东亚经济体进口零部件会显著扩大中国对东亚经济体的贸易逆差,其中以ICT行业最为典型;生产分割效应弱化了汇率对双边贸易平衡的影响。只要中国在国际生产分割中所扮演的角色不变,中国对外贸易总体顺差和区域性逆差的局面将会持续存在。     

浅丘低丘地貌背景下耕地细碎化评价及分区研究

目的 浅丘低丘是西南地区重要的地貌类型,探索其背景下耕地细碎化特征并进行分区整治有助于地区农业实现规模经营,助力乡村振兴。方法 文章从村域尺度选择重庆市垫江县某村作为研究区,以地块为评价单元,选择3个自然细碎化指标和3个权属细碎化指标,通过熵权法计算指标权重,综合指数法测算得每个地块自然细碎化指数和权属细碎化指数,并通过四象限法得到该区域不同的细碎化耦合类型。结果 （1）研究区自然主导细碎化以中等得分（53.41~64.20）为主,权属主导细碎化以较高得分（66.61~77.40）为主,权属主导细碎化程度更高。（2）自然细碎化程度极高和较高的区域主要集中在岭的四周和谷的边缘,程度与坡度正相关;而权属细碎化程度在空间上的分布相互间杂,全面发育。（3）四象限划分结果分别为高自然细碎化高权属细碎化、低自然细碎化高权属细碎化、高自然细碎化低权属细碎化、低自然细碎化低权属细碎化,其占比依次为31%、32%、17%和20%。（4）在村域范围内进行耕地细碎化整治时,土地整治工程和权属调整都应结合细碎化的组合类型因地制宜,尤其是权属调整方面,可创设性地将自然细碎化高的区域（高自然细碎化高权属细碎化和高自然细碎化低权属细碎化）和自然细碎化低的区域（低自然细碎化高权属细碎化和低自然细碎化低权属细碎化）分别流转给不同类型的经营者,让其分别进行专业化经营。结论 浅丘低丘地貌背景下耕地细碎化以权属细碎化为主导,整治时应分不同耦合类型因地制宜进行土地整治和权属调整。     

Expansion of EU's Free Trade Agreements into Asian Countries and Its Impact on the Chinese Economy

Abstract

This study investigates the macroeconomic impact of EU's free trade agreements with Asian countries and the US on the Chinese economy. In addition we examine the impacts on the Chinese industry output based on the framework of production network and production fragmentation. The expansion of the EU's economic reach toward ASEAN and Japan through free trade agreement will generate a positive macroeconomic effect on negotiation participants while it generates a negative effect on the Chinese economy: Some portions of existing trade and foreign direct investment will be shifted to partner countries from non-partner countries. However, according to a sectorial analysis, EU's free trade agreements with three countries result in a positive impact on China's electronics and machinery industry, because China's industry is linked to the production fragmentation and foreign affiliates play a crucial role.     

农村居民点综合破碎度评价及影响因素探测*——以山东日照市为例

[目的]尝试借鉴景观格局的研究思路,对农村居民点破碎化程度进行评价及其影响因素分析,为当前"新农村建设"中合理进行土地整治提供辅助依据。[方法]充分考虑农村居民点的规模、形状和分布特征,构建了乡镇尺度上的农村居民点综合破碎度评价模型,并利用多元回归模型对其影响因素进行了分析,提出了居民点整理模式的针对性建议。[结果]以沿海平原地区——山东日照为例的研究结果表明:(1)农村居民点破碎度综合指数(FCI)能够较好地反映沿海平原地区农村居民点的空间分异特征;沿海地区FCI大于内陆地区,形成了"阶梯状"的空间分布格局。(2)多元回归模型可以较为准确地探测出破碎度影响因素;研究区FCI的显著影响因素包括距海岸线的距离、距县城的距离、坡度、道路密度等。[结论]通过分析不同等级破碎度的分布特征及其影响因素,可以为各地政府因地制宜开展土地整治、城乡协调发展和新农村建设的土地利用决策提供参考依据。     

Measuring Barriers to International Division of Labor in East Asia*

International fragmentation has developed dramatically in East Asia since the 1990s. The purpose of the present paper is to measure border barriers in transactions of intermediate goods in East Asian countries. We find that the barriers in each country have steadily declined since 1985. The barriers in China and Taiwan have declined remarkably since the 1980s, whereas those in Indonesia experienced a slight increase in the 1980s. These results are qualitatively unchanged even if we control the effect of agglomeration on intra‐national inputs.