Jevons's Theory of Political Economy and the ‘Marginalist Revolution’ *

Very many statements have been made about the (non-)existence and characterisation of the ‘marginal revolution’ but it is urged here that detailed study of the relevant texts is far more valuable than the making of grand statements about such matters. In particular, a close reading of Jevons's Theory of Political Economyis proposed as an antidote to over-easy generalisation. Jevons by no means rejected all elements of classical theory. He did not propose a catallatic revolution; he attributed such an emphasis to earlier authors and himself stressed the role of production. It is shown that Jevons was very aware of the necessarily general equilibrium nature of his theory but that he was simply not able to cope with it satisfactorily; it is suggested that this explains, at least in part, his fluctuating and apparently inconsistent statements relating utility and labour to value. Jevons certainly attempted to sketch a complete marginal productivity theory of distribution, even if he was far from successful in providing one.     

株洲通用航空产业发展战略研究

通用航空产业在社会发展、经济建设和公共服务等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用,并成为拉动当地GDP增长和促进当地产业结构升级的支柱产业.文章在进行实地调查的基础上,采用SWOT分析法分析了目前株洲通用航空产业发展的内外环境,提出五大发展战略,为实现株洲通用航空产业的可持续发展提供理论依据.     

The sceptic as an economist's philosopher? Humean utility as a positive principle

Whereas in philosophy David Hume was long regarded as a negative thinker to be criticized rather than read, many thinkers interested in social and economic theory from Adam Smith onwards found key concepts, distinctions and problems as developed by Hume useful and inspiring. This applies not only to his seminal contributions to technical problems in economics. It is argued that the way in which Hume employed ‘utility as a positive principle’ (most notably in his ‘experimental’ moral theory) is of pivotal importance in this context. It allows for:

a. distinguishing between internal motifs and external circumstances and constraints; and for

b. making explicit the abstract logic of social interaction structures, mechanisms and processes.

Both are necessary conditions for employing the logic of social situations and mechanisms in the explanation of social institutions and economic processes. It moreover prepares the ground for the use of simplified or cartoon-like models of individual agency in economic and social theory, but also for its critique. On this basis, Hume's influence on various strands of social and economic thought, but also the specific differences with regard to more ‘rationalistic’ approaches (such as Hobbesianism or important versions of neoclassical economics) can be assessed more clearly.     

浅议一般贸易顺差增长及影响因素

近年来，贸易顺差过大和外汇储备增长过快已成为影响我国国际收支平衡的主要矛盾；而一般贸易由逆差转为顺差并呈现较快增长势头，已成为我国贸易顺差的重要组成部分。该文以辽宁为例，在深入调研的基础上，对一般贸易顺差的构成及其影响因素进行了综合分析，并提出了促进一般贸易腱康发展和实现国际收支基本平衡的几点建议，以期对相关政策的调整提供参考。     

Measuring Restrictiveness of Bilateral Trade Policies: A Comparison between Developed and Developing Countries

This paper compares the degree of openness to trade of three developed countries markets—the European Union, Japan, the United States—with that of three middle-income countries, namely Brazil, India, and China. A theoretically consistent protection measure—the Mercantilistic Trade Restrictiveness Index (MTRI)—is employed to average tariffs at different levels of aggregation. The computation relies on a comparative static applied general equilibrium model (Global Trade Analysis Project—GTAP) featuring imperfect competition as well as on the bilateral applied tariffs included in the most recent version of the GTAP database. Results provide a different picture from what could have been expected given the widely publicized diffusion of preferential schemes supposedly favoring developing countries exports. JEL no.  F17, C68, Q17     

Competition, Externalities, and Input Substituting Technologies

The period 1997–2000 saw a rapid global consolidation of crop seed companies. The emerging companies are applying genetic engineering to exploit complementarities and substitutabilities between seed and other crop inputs. This article develops a model of competing technologies where one substitutes for a conventional input. A monopolist may cross-subsidize a technology that substitutes for an input in order to price discriminate between user types. In duopoly, a socially excessive or insufficient share of acres may be subject to an input substituting technology. Welfare improving regulations are identified in the case where a technology substitutes for an externality generating input.     

BT模式下投资建设总承包的新发展

以BT模式及工程建设总承包为背景知识，重点论述了BT模式项目中采用投资建设总承包的作用、这种模式的缺陷以及在今后的发展中如何完善。     

土地利用总体规划滚动调整中递推规划方法的应用

文章从土地利用总体规划的特性入手，系统阐述其滚动调整的必要性、作用机理和操作程序，重点介绍土地利用总体规划滚动调整中的递推规划模型和时间序列模型的具体应用。为土地利用总体规划实施提供一种新的方法思路。     

中国石油海外投资现状、问题及对策

文章阐述了海外石油投资的重要战略意义、现状、特点和已取得的显著效果,分析了中国石油海外投资存在的主要问题,并针对存在的主要问题,建议确立海外石油投资发展的总体战略;制定海外石油投资保险政策;建立海外石油勘探开发基金和进一步改革海外投资管理体制。     

浅析当前土地利用总体规划存在的主要问题

土地利用规划编制和实施对切实保护耕地，控制城市的无度扩展，优化土地利用结构和布局，促进土地资源的可持续利用等方面发挥了重要作用。但是，当前规划的实施过程中也存在耕地减少突破规划控制、与经济发展不相适应、规划可操作性不强等问题。因此，本文通过分析、探讨土地利用总体规划在规划理念、方法，规划的基础工作和规划实施保障制度等方面存在的主要问题和原因，提出了解决问题的措施建议，以期提高土地利用总体规划的科学性和可操作性。