Deposit insurance and bank regulation in a monetary economy: a general equilibrium exposition

Summary. It is commonly argued that poorly designed banking system safety nets are largely to blame for the frequency and severity of modern banking crises. For example, underpriced deposit insurance and/or low reserve requirements are often viewed as factors that encourage risk-taking by banks. In this paper, we study the effects of three policy variables: deposit insurance premia, reserve requirements and the way in which the costs of bank bailouts are financed. We show that when deposit insurance premia are low, the monetization of bank bailout costs may not be more inflationary than financing these costs out of general revenue. This is because, while monetizing the costs increases the inflation tax rate, higher levels of general taxation reduce savings, deposits, bank reserves, and the inflation tax base. Increasing the inflation tax rate obviously raises inflation, but so does an erosion of the inflation tax base. We also find that low deposit insurance premia or low reserve requirements may not be associated with a high rate of bank failure.Received: 2 January 2002, Revised: 1 March 2003JEL Classification Numbers: D5, E5, G1.B. D. Smith: Sadly, our co-author, colleague and dear friend, Bruce D. Smith, died on July 9, 2002.     

Tax Interaction Effects,Environmental Regulation,and “Rule of Thumb” Adjustments to Social Cost

Preexisting distortions in factor markets complicate the estimation of the social welfare effects of regulatory interventions. The existence of these tax interaction effects (TIEs) suggests that general equilibrium (GE) approaches should be used to evaluate regulatory policies. However, formal GE analysis is not always feasible for the numerous environmental regulations proposed by federal, state, and local agencies. The question addressed in this paper is whether an empirically based rule of thumb upward adjustment factor is appropriate to properly scale social cost estimates in environmental policy. We argue that such rule of thumb adjustments are significantly less reliable than estimates based on a detailed general equilibrium analysis because of the uncertainty about both the magnitude and sign of the social cost distortion. In addition to addressing this question, the paper gives an overview of TIEs and their relevance to environmental policy.     

Rational expectations for large CGE models: A practical algorithm and a policy application

We describe a simple iterative method for solving large dynamic CGE models under rational expectations. Details are given for Australia's MONASH model but the approach applies to a wide range of CGE models. The method is automated in the RunMONASH Windows software, putting CGE modelling under rational expectations within the reach of non-specialist modellers. We provide an illustrative application in which MONASH results under rational expectations are compared with results under static expectations. The application and supporting software can be downloaded. Results from the application are interpreted in terms of elementary economic mechanisms.     

Public policies as specification errors

Treating public policies as computable dynamic general equilibrium model specification errors offers computational and conceptional advantages for comparing models with data. The set of policies calculated to rationalize observed behaviors raises the substantive economic question whether, in any particular market, actual public policies sufficiently coincide with the model's behavior-rationalizing policies, or whether the model offers correct hypotheses about the determinants of demand and supply. As illustrations, public policies are calculated to rationalize, with respect to the stochastic neoclassical growth model, capital market behavior since WWII and labor market behavior in 1929–1950. One conclusion is that capital taxation drives a wedge between consumption growth and the expected pre-tax capital return, in the direction and amount predicted by the theory, and that capital taxation is the major intertemporal distortion in the postwar capital market. Second, a good theory of the Great Depression labor market must explain why measured MRS and MPL diverged so dramatically in 1929–1933 and why the wedge persisted.     

对煤炭企业建立全面预算管理机制的思考

从分析煤炭企业实施全面预算管理的意义出发,阐述了如何科学构建煤炭企业全面预算的管理机制,并提出加强全面预算管理的保障机制建设的几点见解。     

高职大学生职业生涯规划的误区及纠正策略

随着高等职业教育的不断发展,高职教育为各行业的一线岗位输送了大批应用型、实践型人才.从职业生涯规划的视角把脉这一群体,发现存在自卑心理普遍、职业意识不强和择业目标不明确等诸多误区,剖析误区背后的深层原因,提出正确归因、设置合理的目标体系、及早进行职业规划等建议对策,以期提升高职生的就业率和职业发展能力.     

从贸易方式角度思考人民币升值对贸易顺差的影响

从2005年7月人民币升值以来,我国的贸易顺差仍在不断扩大.从贸易方式的角度对该现象进行研究后发现:以加工贸易为主的贸易方式决定了人民币升值对缓解贸易顺差所起到的作用并不明显.因此,要实现贸易的均衡增长,除了本币升值之外还应借助于其他措施,如进一步扩大内需、改善外商投资的产业结构、调整出口退税政策等.     

论江泽民的治党方略

治党方略是指治理党内事务的指导原则和总揽全局的方针、策略。以江泽民为核心的党的第三代领导集体．在改革开放和现代化建设的条件下，致力于探讨“建设一个什么样的党、怎样建设党”的根本问题。江泽民的党建思想科学地揭示了执政党建设的客观规律，赋予了党的建设以鲜明的时代气患和特征，从根本上回答了在充满挑战和希望的21世纪。要把我们党建设成什么样的党和怎样建设党的问题。     

广东温氏集团企业“和”文化精神的制度化研究

中国传统文化及其影响下的家族制企业文化基于原始血缘伦理关系,具有“和而统”的特点。要适应现代市场竞争,就必须在普适法则的基础上包容多样性,并保持一种有张力的平衡,实现真正的“和而不同”。这需要制度制衡机制,将中国传统文化中的“和”文化精神制度化,创建竞争制衡的“和而不同”企业文化。广东温氏集团的成功就在于它实现了这种文化整合与创新,使传统家族制企业在普遍秩序中开拓出广阔的发展空间。     

论我国税收信息化建设的体系结构

税收信息系统的总体构架、功能框架、技术框架以及业务模型构成较完善的我国税收信息化建设的体系结构。该体系结构的建立是金税工程三期所规划的我国税收信息化发展目标的具体体现,是在对税收业务优化、重组的基础上建立起来的,是实现金税工程三期提出“一个平台、二级处理、三个覆盖、四个系统”的根本保障。