资产减值计提动机的实证研究

基于A股上市公司在2006年以及2007年所披露资产减值的计提以及其它相关数据进行的实证研究结果表明:行业类别的实质性经济因素与资产减值率存在一定的负向关系;实施新会计准则的2007年与2006年相比较,高管变动、迎合预期以及洗澡动机、收益平滑动机与资产减值计提具有了显著关系;资产减值计提具有正向关系的报告动机被明显地观察到了,成为解释资产减值计提的关键因素,相反,负向的关系并不显著.     

Overcoming the Trend Toward Healthier Foods: The Impact of Advertising and Intangibles on Investor Returns in the Packaged Food Industry

The study analyzes the impact of advertising, goodwill, and other intangibles on investor returns in the consumer packaged food and beverage industry during 2008–2012, a timeframe during which smaller brands wrestled $18 billion in sales away from large manufacturers of processed foods. The findings demonstrate that those firms that were able to allocate a greater percentage of their revenue to their ongoing advertising efforts were able to enhance investor holding period returns (HPR). In addition, those firms with a higher ratio of intangible assets other than goodwill to total assets were also able to enhance HPR. However, there was not a significant positive relationship between the ratio of acquired goodwill to total assets and HPR. Hence, packaged food and beverage manufacturers are advised to seek competitive advantages through their own brand-building efforts rather than seeking to enhance investor returns through a strategy based on company mergers and acquisitions.     

对自创商誉会计的思考

自创商誉符合资产的定义,应予以确认,并采用公允价值计量。当企业在连续若干年内总体市价都大于可辨认净资产公允价值时,开始确认自创商誉,并在以后逐年评估,对自创商誉不断再确认。对自创商誉的摊销可采用逐年重估法。     

BARGAINING AMONG FARMERS,GOODWILL, AND THE SUCCESS OF COOPERATIVES

A model of concessional bargaining among farmers explains the success (or lack thereof) of cooperative institutions in rural farm settings in the developing regions. Concessional bargaining in day‐to‐day interactions generates goodwill, which helps smoothen future dealings amongst farmers as well as with outside agents. In particular, we model the existence of goodwill amongst farmers as enhancing their ability to collectively bargain with an outside dealer that buys their farm produce. Results suggest that when dealing with each other, farmers offer higher concessions when the risk of loss or reversal in bargaining power is high; however, the level of concession is also influenced by the degree of reciprocity and parameters that affect bargaining surplus. Findings provide further insights over the success of cooperative institutions in rural farm settings where inter‐farmer goodwill dynamics determines the cooperative's bargaining outcomes. Specifically, when farmers generously reciprocate each other's goodwill gestures, it leads to better outcomes through increasing their cooperative reservation price. In contrast, when the degree of reciprocity is lower, or when the risk of bargaining power switching is higher, farmers extract more surplus from other farmers, and this also lowers the cooperative's bargaining outcomes and makes the cooperative arrangement unviable in the long term.     

长期资产减值与盈余管理方式选择

以2007年长期资产减值的政策变化为背景,研究上市公司盈余管理方式的选择偏好变化。通过研究发现,应计项目和真实活动盈余管理是公司可选择的盈余管理方式,公司会基于两种盈余管理方式的成本来选择具体的盈余管理方式;禁止长期减值损失的转回会对应计项目盈余管理有遏制作用,同时极有可能存在企业管理者偏向使用真实活动盈余管理的趋势。     

借壳上市有关壳资源的会计计量问题探究——以华源股份为例

按我国现行规定,企业借壳上市过程中形成反向购买的,若构成业务则需确认商誉,否则按权益性交易处理。若壳公司保留少量业务,上市公司要么确认巨额商誉,要么不得不放弃这些少量业务,使上市公司陷入两难的处境。本文从企业整体价值出发,将借壳方的购买行为划分为取得上市地位的买壳和购买留存少量业务两部分。对于买壳行为,按权益性交易处理,不确认商誉;对于购买留存少量业务的行为,按照购买法确认商誉。对于壳资源价值计量,本文通过对华源股份的案例分析,建议采用协商定价的方法以化解壳公司留存少量业务情况下的壳资源和商誉计量问题。     

企业的利润结构与可持续增长 ——基于A股竞争性上市公司的经验证据

企业的可持续增长是社会经济可持续发展的基础,企业的可持续性增长能力与利润总额和利润构成密切相关.在新企业会计准则下,利润总额由核心利润、资产减值损失、公允价值变动损益、投资损益、营业外收支净额等五个部分构成,利润总额不同构成部分的来源不一样,稳定性和持久性也不一样.实证研究发现,盈利对企业增长的可持续性具有正面影响,利润总额的不同构成部分会对企业增长的可持续产生不同影响,利润结构可以提供有关企业可持续增长的增量信息,新企业会计准则下利润表项目的调整变化提高了利润表的信息含量.     

公允价值计量、资产价值变动与审计收费——基于2009—2012年沪深上市公司的经验证据

公允价值计量具有价值相关性,但也存在资产估价的风险性,这一会计估计风险对以风险成本为基础的审计定价及其变化至关重要。以后金融危机时期2009--2012年沪深上市公司的数据为样本,实证研究公允价值计量下的资产价值变动对审计收费的影响,结果显示：持有资产价值变动总体和公允价值变动损益、资产减值损失分项均显著正向影响审计收费,这表明持有资产价值变动幅度越大,审计收费越高;在持有资产价值变动总体正向影响审计收费的强度逐年显著增强的情况下,公允价值变动损益对审计收费正向影响的显著性提升,但是影响强度下降;资产减值损失对审计收费正向影响的强度和显著性均逐年提升,这表明审计收费蕴含公允价值估计风险和资产计价的公允性。     

轻度认知障碍的危险因素

轻度认知障碍是指介于正常衰老与阿尔茨海默病之间的过渡阶段,有轻度的记忆力损害,但其他功能保持完好。文章对轻度认知障碍的危险因素进行综述。     

资产减值影响因素的实证研究

在新会计准则下,以不同盈利特征的上市公司减值准备计提为研究对象,选用2001-2006年沪深上市公司为样本,对减值准备计提与转回的影响因素进行了研究。实证研究发现:企业自身经济因素造成的价值损毁是影响减值准备计提的主要原因,在控制了企业自身经济因素、行业特征和宏观经济环境的影响后,上市公司减值准备的计提与转回受到盈余管理动机的显著影响。研究还发现,不同盈利特征的公司在运用减值准备进行盈余管理时,会选择不同的减值类型。