民营企业进入战略性新兴产业的瓶颈与路径

战略性新兴产业作为推动国民经济发展的重要驱动力之一,具备市场需求前景广、资源能耗低、带动系数大、就业机会多、预期收益高的特征。民营企业是我国经济的重要市场主体,介入战略性新兴产业具有重大的战略意义。但不可否认的是,创新型人才匮乏、高强度资金投入短缺、关键核心技术缺乏、投融资渠道不畅等支撑体系不健全阻碍了民营企业进入战略性新兴产业的步伐。为有效解决民营企业进入战略性新兴产业的瓶颈,文章提出了投融资参股、自主发展、借机转型以及“政产学研”一体化四条可供民营企业选择的发展路径。      

中小企业信贷、银行规模与征信服务模式

建立完善的中小企业征信体系是解决银企之间信息不对称的有效途径。本文以第三方征信机构的服务模式为研究视角,构建征信机构、商业银行与中小企业三方之间的动态博弈模型,讨论第三方征信服务的作用及不同政策目标下征信机构的运行模式选择问题。结果表明:(1)引入征信机构服务会提高中小企业信贷市场的效率——市场贷款利率降低、信贷发放总量增加,但征信机构不同服务模式对信贷市场效率的影响程度不同。(2)征信机构最优的服务模式因不同政策目标而异,在征信机构利润最大化目标下,其仅向中小银行提供信用信息;在借款企业剩余最大化目标下,将同时向大型银行和中小银行提供信用信息;在社会福利最大化目标下,将根据银行贷款门槛的差异程度而定。现阶段我国征信体系建设的政策目标是借款企业剩余最大化和社会福利最大化,征信机构应选择第三种即向所有银行都开放有偿信息服务;未来随着征信服务业的成熟、市场的发展,民营征信机构成为体系的主体,利润最大化将成为主要政策目标,征信机构可采取第三种即仅向中小银行提供中小企业信用信息。     

基于客车流量监测数据的浙江省旅游业现状分析

客运交通是旅游业发展的"晴雨表",在反映旅游客源结构、预见旅游波动风险方面具有重要作用。本文尝试使用客车流量实时监测数据分析浙江省旅游业的发展现状,发现客车流量数据分析能够很好地反映浙江省旅游业的发展状况和空间格局变化,从中可提炼一些规律性问题;考察客源结构特征(包括客源的时间分布、组织形式、空间分布等)有利于发现商机、有针对性地拓展市场,分析客源结构特征变化有助于预见和规避旅游市场波动的风险。     

全球价值链视角下我国远洋渔业国际竞争力影响因素研究

文章基于全球价值链视角,结合远洋渔业的产业特性,构建了远洋渔业国际竞争力概念框架及其影响因素理论模型。进而基于我国74 家远洋渔业企业的问卷调查横截面数据,运用多元回归分析,深入解剖了影响我国远洋渔业经济租金、国际话语权、国际在位权、企业就业贡献四个国际竞争力维度的影响因素。研究发现：（1）远洋渔业企业越是进行海外远洋渔业基地建设、基地建设功能越健全,水产品国内消费市场越兴盛,远洋渔业企业冷冻、冷藏等储藏能力越强,企业越是能获得持续盈利优势。（2）远洋渔业设备技术研发、远洋渔业金融政策、政府间远洋渔业争议协商机制和海上通信系统研发,有助于提高我国远洋渔业国际组织影响力。（3）企业船上加工技术、企业水产品出口能力、海外直接投资正向显著影响企业履约能力。（4）企业远洋渔船规模、企业有自己独特的海洋与岸上联动发展模式,促进了企业社会就业贡献。     

A reexamination on the effect of bank competition on bank non-performing loans

This article examines whether competition in the deposit and loan markets results in a more stable or fragile banking industry. Following the assumption that deposit and loan competitions are not separable, a simple equilibrium model is developed. Then, using the aggregate time-series data of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-insured financial institutions, we estimate the generalized VAR model of deposit rate (DR), interest margin between the loan and DRs, and non-performing loan ratio. Our results support the competition–fragility hypothesis.     

Mortgage product diversity: responding to consumer demand or protecting lender profit? An asymmetric panel analysis

This article explores determinants of mortgage product diversity for owner-occupied and investment loans in the Australian housing mortgage market. From 2001 to 2012, 65 lenders introduced 1220 mortgage products in Australia. We examine whether the product proliferation was a result of consumer demand or a response to pressure to lower lending rates. We find that consumer demand for mortgages does not have a significant relationship with the number of mortgage products, but that decreases in the policy interest rate are highly significant as an explanatory variable for product proliferation. Such behaviour is consistent with information obfuscation, reducing the ease with which consumers can compare lending rates. Further, the relationship between mortgage products offered and the policy interest rate is asymmetric: decreases in the cash rate are associated with increased mortgage products offered, but increases in the cash rate have a more muted effect on decreasing the number of products.     

False claims in politics: Evidence from the US

In this paper, we use data on 2459 public claims made by 444 politicians from the leading US fact-checking site (PolitiFact) to provide an empirical analysis of false claims in politics, shedding light on their characteristics within an advanced democracy. The frequency of falsehoods differs according to party affiliation and topic, with false claims more likely on such topics as elections, health, labor, taxes and values. For Republican politicians, falsehood pays off in the short run, as it is associated with greater political support.     

What are the determinants of hiring? The importance of product market demand and search frictions

In this article, we study the importance of product market demand and search frictions for hiring. We use a search-matching model with imperfect competition in the product market to derive an equation for total hiring in a local labour market, and estimate it on Swedish panel data. If product markets are imperfectly competitive, product demand shocks should have a direct effect on employment for given levels of prices and wages. Our main finding is that product demand has such a direct effect on hiring. This highlights the importance of taking imperfect competition in the product market into account in studies of employment dynamics and hiring. We also find that, for given levels of prices, wages, and product demand, the number of unemployed workers in a local labour market has a positive effect on hiring, suggesting that search frictions matter. Quantitatively, product demand shocks seem to be more important for understanding the variation in hiring than shocks to the number of unemployed workers.     

Enhancing the teaching of introductory economics with a team-based,multi-section competition

The authors describe a unique approach to enhancing student learning at the introductory economics level that utilizes a multi-section, team-based competition. The competition is structured to supplement learning throughout the entire introductory course. Student teams are presented with current economic issues, trends, or events, and use economic tools and theories to comprehensively examine the topics. Students present their analyses in their own sections with one team from each section moving on to compete in an inter-section round. Students are judged on technicality, creativity, and applicability of economic concepts. The competition has the potential to advance students' creativity, collaboration, communication, and critical and analytical thinking skills, while enhancing their ability to apply foundational economic concepts to real-world settings.     

双重古诺竞争下的FDI关联溢出效应

扩展了以往理论研究的基本假设,在古诺竞争框架下分析FDI进入东道国上下游双边市场时的关联溢出效应。结果显示:当FDI仅进入东道国的下游市场时,FDI产生的竞争效应会增加下游市场的总产出,从而增大对上游市场中东道国本土供应商的后向关联程度,且其增大程度与技术差距正相关;在FDI同时进入东道国上下游双边市场的情况下,上游市场的FDI会对东道国本土供应商产生挤出效应,且两者的技术差距越大,挤出效应越明显,同时会对下游市场中的东道国本土生产者产生明显的前向关联,上游市场总产出的增加使得中间产品的均衡价格下降,直接减少了下游本土生产者的边际生产成本,从而增加了其产出和利润,部分抵消了下游市场的FDI的挤出效应。